Monnereau L, Carretero A, Berges S, Navarro M, Leonard M, Lyazrhi F, Sautet J, Ruberte J
UP d'Anatomie-Embryologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse, France.
Anat Embryol (Berl). 2005 Jun;209(5):357-69. doi: 10.1007/s00429-004-0449-3. Epub 2005 Apr 28.
The anatomy and embryology of the aortic arch and its branching tributaries (brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery) in man and animals are well substantiated. However, the anatomical variations and morphometry of the aortic arch and its branching tributaries in rat fetus at the 21st gestation day have not been studied. Pregnant rats were hysterectomized and the arterial systems of 114 fetuses were injected with a polymerisable resin through the umbilical artery. After maceration, the vascular casts were dissected out and prepared for observations under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The resulting SEM pictures were studied with a picture analyser and different vessel parameters (diameters, lengths and angles) were measured. The success rate of the microvascular cast injection was 46.5%. Out of the 53 observed aortic arch casts, 98.1% showed the classical branching pattern and one (1.9%) had no brachiocephalic trunk. Morphological analysis showed many differences, which were not linked to the litter. The statistical processing of the measurements enabled us to determine that the aorta diameter after the branching of the left subclavian artery was the most replicable parameter. Moreover, the results revealed some strong correlations between different parameters. There are probably no discrete categories among the various observed parameters as diameters and angles. Some parameters show very little variability and can thus be used as reference points for further studies such as the comparison of a control population with a population treated with a relevant xenobiotic.
人类和动物主动脉弓及其分支（头臂干、左颈总动脉和左锁骨下动脉）的解剖学和胚胎学已得到充分证实。然而，妊娠第21天大鼠胎儿主动脉弓及其分支的解剖变异和形态测量尚未得到研究。对怀孕大鼠进行子宫切除术，通过脐动脉向114个胎儿的动脉系统注射可聚合树脂。浸软后，取出血管铸型并准备在扫描电子显微镜（SEM）下观察。用图像分析仪研究所得的扫描电子显微镜图片，并测量不同的血管参数（直径、长度和角度）。微血管铸型注射的成功率为46.5%。在观察到的53个主动脉弓铸型中，98.1%呈现经典分支模式，1个（1.9%）无头臂干。形态学分析显示出许多差异，这些差异与窝别无关。对测量结果的统计处理使我们能够确定左锁骨下动脉分支后主动脉的直径是最可重复的参数。此外，结果揭示了不同参数之间的一些强相关性。在观察到的各种参数（如直径和角度）之间可能不存在离散的类别。一些参数的变异性很小，因此可作为进一步研究的参考点，如将对照群体与用相关外源性物质处理的群体进行比较。
