Berger Andrea, Henik Avishai, Rafal Robert
Department of Behavioral Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
J Exp Psychol Gen. 2005 May;134(2):207-21. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.134.2.207.
The relation between reflexive and voluntary orienting of visual attention was investigated with 4 experiments: a simple detection task, a localization task, a saccade toward the target task, and a target identification task in which discrimination difficulty was manipulated. Endogenous and exogenous orienting cues were presented in each trial and their validity was manipulated orthogonally to examine whether attention mechanisms are mediated by separate systems and whether they have additive and independent effects on visual detection and discrimination. The results showed that each orienting mechanism developed its typical and independent effect in every case except for the difficult identification task. A theoretical framework for understanding the relationship between endogenous and exogenous orienting of attention is proposed, tested, and confirmed.
通过4个实验研究了视觉注意的反射性定向与自主性定向之间的关系：一个简单检测任务、一个定位任务、一个向目标的眼跳任务以及一个操纵辨别难度的目标识别任务。在每个试验中呈现内源性和外源性定向线索，并正交操纵它们的有效性，以检验注意机制是否由不同系统介导，以及它们对视觉检测和辨别是否具有累加和独立的作用。结果表明，除了困难的识别任务外，每种定向机制在每种情况下都产生了其典型且独立的效应。提出、检验并证实了一个理解注意的内源性和外源性定向之间关系的理论框架。
