Meucci Valentina, Arukwe Augustine
Department of Veterinary Clinics, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Pisa, V. le delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Aquat Toxicol. 2005 Jun 1;73(1):1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.03.021.
Induction of blood plasma vitellogenin (Vtg) and zona radiata proteins (Zr-proteins) in male and juvenile of oviparous vertebrates was proposed and shown to be sensitive biomarkers for exposure to estrogen mimic. The time- and dose-dependent expression of Vtg and Zr-proteins in nonylphenol (NP) exposed juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is reported. Fish were exposed continuously to waterborne nonylphenol at 5, 15 and 50 microg/L. Blood and surface mucus samples were collected after 3 and 7 days post-exposure. Nonylphenol-induced plasma and surface mucus levels of Vtg and Zr-protein were analysed using immunochemical methods (Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; ELISA). Both Vtg and Zr-protein levels in plasma and surface mucus showed similar and parallel nonylphenol-induced expression patterns after waterborne nonylphenol exposure and in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Zr-proteins were significantly induced at the lowest concentration of nonylphenol after 3 and 7 days of exposure both in plasma and in surface mucus. We conclude that the detection of Vtg and Zr-proteins directly in the surface mucus of fish, and the correlation of these values with plasma protein biomarker values in xenoestrogen-treated fish represents a sensitive non-invasive system for the detection of these known endocrine disruptor biomarkers. The demonstration of detectable Vtg and Zr-protein levels from surface mucus is a potential biomarker for estrogenic compounds, and their presence should be considered as an improvement in the methods for detection of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and related pollutants in the environment.
卵生脊椎动物的雄性和幼体中血浆卵黄蛋白原（Vtg）和放射带蛋白（Zr-蛋白）的诱导被提出并被证明是暴露于雌激素模拟物的敏感生物标志物。本文报道了壬基酚（NP）暴露下幼年大西洋鲑（Salmo salar）中Vtg和Zr-蛋白的时间和剂量依赖性表达。将鱼连续暴露于浓度为5、15和50微克/升的水性壬基酚中。暴露后3天和7天采集血液和体表黏液样本。使用免疫化学方法（蛋白质免疫印迹法和酶联免疫吸附测定法；ELISA）分析壬基酚诱导的血浆和体表黏液中Vtg和Zr-蛋白的水平。水性壬基酚暴露后，血浆和体表黏液中的Vtg和Zr-蛋白水平均呈现相似且平行的壬基酚诱导表达模式，且呈浓度和时间依赖性。在暴露3天和7天后，血浆和体表黏液中，在最低浓度的壬基酚作用下，Zr-蛋白均被显著诱导。我们得出结论，直接检测鱼体表黏液中的Vtg和Zr-蛋白，以及这些值与经异雌激素处理的鱼血浆蛋白生物标志物值的相关性，代表了一种用于检测这些已知内分泌干扰物生物标志物的敏感非侵入性系统。从体表黏液中检测到可检测水平的Vtg和Zr-蛋白是雌激素化合物的潜在生物标志物，它们的存在应被视为环境中内分泌干扰化学物质（EDCs）及相关污染物检测方法的一种改进。
