Shah Mehraj, Cork Christine, Chowdhury Uttom
Bedfordshire & Luton Community NHS Trust.
Community Pract. 2005 Apr;78(4):129-32.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders of childhood. Although there is a lot of debate and controversy over the recognition of ADHD, it is generally accepted nowadays as a clinical disorder that may warrant treatment Children with ADHD are pervasively overactive, fidgety and disruptive. They have impaired attention and concentration and are impulsive. These symptoms have serious implications for the child's relationships with parents, siblings and peers. It is important that community practitioners, school nurses, health visitors and other health professionals are able to recognise the condition and be able to make an informed clinical assessment and refer and manage accordingly. The assessment should include a clear history from parents, a school report and an individual interview with the child. An assessment of parental management is essential to avoid the child being wrongly diagnosed with the condition. The successful intervention should be aimed at educating the child and family about the disorder and psychosocial interventions that may help the family and school cope with the child. In some cases introduction of medication may be necessary.
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是儿童期最常见的精神障碍之一。尽管在ADHD的认知方面存在诸多争论和争议，但如今它普遍被视为一种可能需要治疗的临床疾病。患有ADHD的儿童普遍过度活跃、坐立不安且具有破坏性。他们的注意力和专注力受损，且容易冲动。这些症状对孩子与父母、兄弟姐妹及同伴的关系有着严重影响。社区从业者、学校护士、健康访视员及其他医疗专业人员能够识别该病症，并能够进行明智的临床评估，进而相应地进行转诊和管理，这一点很重要。评估应包括来自父母的清晰病史、学校报告以及与孩子的单独面谈。对父母管理方式的评估对于避免孩子被误诊至关重要。成功的干预措施应旨在让孩子和家庭了解该疾病以及可能有助于家庭和学校应对孩子问题的社会心理干预措施。在某些情况下，可能需要使用药物治疗。
