Trotta Vincenzo, Garoia Flavio, Guerra Daniela, Pezzoli Maria Cristina, Grifoni Daniela, Cavicchi Sandro
Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Biologia Evoluzionistica Sperimentale, via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
Evol Dev. 2005 May-Jun;7(3):234-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-142X.2005.05026.x.
We experimentally induced different levels of instability affecting the development of specific wing regions of Drosophila melanogaster using the UAS-GAL4 system. A common index of developmental instability is fluctuating asymmetry (FA), that is, random differences between body sides of single individuals. We studied the FA in transgenic strains carrying random genomic insertions (UAS strains), as well as insertions in the regulatory region of genes involved in the organization of wing development (GAL4 strains). In addition, the expression of genes that increase (dp110 and 3622) or decrease (dPTEN) cell proliferation was ectopically induced. Our results are related to different levels of perturbation. Through the first kind of perturbation, genome integrity was compromised by the insertion of foreign DNA. In all cases, we observed a general increase in FA, although it was rarely found significant. The second kind of perturbation involved a modification of genes controlling wing development through the insertion of a GAL4 sequence in their promoter region. The third kind involved the ectopic expression of genes controlling cell proliferation. Our results show that (i) the level of FA is connected with the level of morphological perturbation induced, (ii) FA increase was higher in the wing regions that were the target of the genetic perturbation, and (iii) developmental instability was also observed in regions that were not directly addressed by the perturbation. The results were discussed on the basis of the running models about Drosophila wing development.
我们利用UAS - GAL4系统通过实验诱导了不同程度的不稳定性，这些不稳定性影响了黑腹果蝇特定翅区的发育。发育不稳定性的一个常见指标是波动不对称性（FA），即单个个体身体两侧的随机差异。我们研究了携带随机基因组插入片段的转基因品系（UAS品系）以及在参与翅发育组织的基因调控区域插入片段的品系（GAL4品系）中的波动不对称性。此外，还异位诱导了增加（dp110和3622）或减少（dPTEN）细胞增殖的基因的表达。我们的结果与不同程度的扰动有关。通过第一种扰动，外源DNA的插入损害了基因组完整性。在所有情况下，我们都观察到波动不对称性普遍增加，尽管很少发现具有显著性。第二种扰动涉及通过在基因启动子区域插入GAL4序列来改变控制翅发育的基因。第三种扰动涉及控制细胞增殖的基因的异位表达。我们的结果表明：（i）波动不对称性水平与诱导的形态扰动水平相关；（ii）在作为基因扰动靶点的翅区，波动不对称性增加更为明显；（iii）在未直接受到扰动影响的区域也观察到了发育不稳定性。我们根据关于果蝇翅发育的现有模型对结果进行了讨论。
