中国大陆农村护理专业学生手部皮炎的流行病学：一项初步研究的结果

Smith D R, Wei N, Zhang R X, Lian X H, Wang R S

National Institute of Industrial Health, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, JAN.

Rural Remote Health. 2004 Apr-Jun;4(2):270. Epub 2004 Jun 15.

INTRODUCTION

Although hand dermatitis (HD) is known to affect nursing students worldwide, no studies of this disease have yet been conducted in China. Similarly, rural populations are often neglected in international research.

METHODS

A preliminary study of female students from both grades of a hospital-based nursing school was conducted in Hebei Province, China, approximately 280 km south of Beijing. There were 27 students from the 2nd year of the course (47.4%) and 30 students from the 3rd year (52.6%). The study protocol involved an anonymous questionnaire distributed to a convenience sample of both grades from the nursing school. Statistical differences in prevalence by year of study were calculated using Fisher's exact test for discrete variables and One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for continuous variables. Statistical associations between HD and demographic items were investigated using the chi2 test. Where statistical association with HD were identified, simple logistic regression was also performed to establish a basic risk magnitude. Results were compared with similar populations of student nurses from previous studies in Australia, Japan, Denmark, the Netherlands and Germany.

RESULTS

HD prevalence fell from 29.6% in the 2nd year to 13.3% in the 3rd year and averaged 21.1% across both grades. Systemic allergic disease among family members was found to be statistically associated with HD (p < 0.05). Overall, our preliminary study showed that HD probably affects Chinese nursing students at rates similar to that of their Japanese counterparts, but at a higher rate than students in other investigations from Germany, Holland and Australia. The identification of familial allergic disease as a possible risk factor for HD was also novel.

CONCLUSION

The investigation was conducted as a preliminary investigation, and as such, our results need to be treated with caution. Further research is recommended to more carefully elucidate the prevalence of HD among larger groups of Chinese nursing students.

引言

尽管手部皮炎（HD）在全球范围内影响着护理专业学生，但中国尚未开展关于这种疾病的研究。同样，农村人口在国际研究中常常被忽视。

方法

在中国河北省（距北京以南约280公里）一所医院附属护理学校的两个年级的女生中进行了一项初步研究。二年级有27名学生（占47.4%），三年级有30名学生（占52.6%）。该研究方案包括向护理学校两个年级的便利样本发放一份匿名问卷。使用离散变量的Fisher精确检验和连续变量的单因素方差分析（ANOVA）计算不同学习年份患病率的统计学差异。使用卡方检验研究HD与人口统计学项目之间的统计学关联。在确定与HD有统计学关联的地方，还进行了简单逻辑回归以确定基本风险程度。将结果与之前在澳大利亚、日本、丹麦、荷兰和德国的类似护理专业学生群体进行比较。

结果

HD患病率从二年级的29.6%降至三年级的13.3%，两个年级的平均患病率为21.1%。发现家庭成员中的全身性过敏性疾病与HD有统计学关联（p < 0.05）。总体而言，我们的初步研究表明，HD对中国护理专业学生的影响率可能与日本同行相似，但高于德国、荷兰和澳大利亚其他调查中的学生。将家族性过敏性疾病确定为HD的一个可能风险因素也是新发现。