Evenden Maya L, McClaughlin John R
Department of Biology, West Chester University, West Chester, PA 19380, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2005 Apr;98(2):317-25. doi: 10.1093/jee/98.2.317.
Combined attracticide formulations targeting Oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck), and codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), were tested in a field trapping experiment. Capture of male codling moths in traps baited with the combined formulation was reduced compared with traps baited with the codling moth formulation alone, whereas capture of male Oriental fruit moth was increased compared with traps baited with the Oriental fruit moth formulation alone. Subsequent wind tunnel experiments showed that a single locus of the mixed attracticide formulation or close parallel presentation of the two formulations enhanced source contact by male Oriental fruit moths but did not influence earlier behaviors. However, the two formulations presented in a serial arrangement to Oriental fruit moth males in the wind tunnel resulted in enhanced lock-on, upwind flight, and source contact behaviors. In addition, male Oriental fruit moths remained on mixed pheromone droplets of the paste matrix longer than on droplets of the Oriental fruit moth formulation alone. The increased time spent on the mixed droplet was correlated with a more rapid poisoning and a greater proportion of poisoned males compared with males exposed to the Oriental fruit moth attracticide alone. These results demonstrate that a combined attracticide formulation will have different effects on each of the targeted species. It is anticipated that, due to decreased attractiveness, a combined formulation would be less effective against the codling moth. However, a mixed formulation, due to increased attractiveness and toxicity, could be more effective against the Oriental fruit moth under field conditions.
针对桃小食心虫(Grapholita molesta (Busck))和苹果蠹蛾(Cydia pomonella (L.))的组合诱杀剂配方在田间诱捕试验中进行了测试。与单独用苹果蠹蛾配方诱饵的诱捕器相比,用组合配方诱饵的诱捕器捕获的雄性苹果蠹蛾数量减少,而与单独用桃小食心虫配方诱饵的诱捕器相比,捕获的雄性桃小食心虫数量增加。随后的风洞试验表明,混合诱杀剂配方的单个位点或两种配方紧密平行呈现可增强雄性桃小食心虫与源的接触,但不影响早期行为。然而,在风洞中以连续排列方式向雄性桃小食心虫呈现这两种配方会导致锁定、逆风飞行和与源接触行为增强。此外,雄性桃小食心虫在膏状基质的混合性信息素液滴上停留的时间比仅在桃小食心虫配方的液滴上停留的时间更长。与仅接触桃小食心虫诱杀剂的雄性相比,在混合液滴上停留时间的增加与更快的中毒速度和更高比例的中毒雄性相关。这些结果表明,组合诱杀剂配方对每种目标物种会有不同的影响。预计由于吸引力降低,组合配方对苹果蠹蛾的效果会较差。然而,由于吸引力和毒性增加,混合配方在田间条件下对桃小食心虫可能更有效。