Korpos Eva, Molnár Andrea, Papp Péter, Kiss Ibolya, Orosz László, Deák Ferenc
Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O.Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary.
Matrix Biol. 2005 Apr;24(2):124-35. doi: 10.1016/j.matbio.2005.01.005. Epub 2005 Mar 16.
Deer antler regeneration is a uniquely intense and complex process, which involves chondrogenic and intramembranous ossification. Cell differentiation in the developing antler of red deer, Cervus elaphus, was characterized with extracellular matrix markers. Expression of the four matrilin genes was monitored by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization and compared to cartilage markers collagen II and cartilage link protein, the bone component collagen I, and the endothelial basement membrane constituent laminin. The mesenchyme layer at the very tip of the velvet antler was enriched in link protein, indicative of the role of hyaluronan in apical morphogenesis. Matrilin-2, formerly described as a component of hard and soft connective tissue matrices, was identified here also as a marker of cells with high differentiation potential: it is expressed predominantly by mesenchyme cells, prechondrocytes and preosteoblasts. In addition to matrilin-3, documented as a component of the bony extracellular matrix, expression of the other three matrilin genes was observed in osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts. A layer of presumed osteoprogenitor cells, which surrounded the perivascular channels, expressed all four matrilins and collagen I. As a consequence, all four matrilins, including matrilin-1, previously detected in the skeleton only in cartilage, were found associated to collagen I-rich structures in a thin layer bordering the columns of hypertrophic chondrocytes. Cells with similar morphology and expression pattern were identified in the periosteum. Altogether all cell types of the chondrogenic and osteogenic lineage that expressed the four matrilins were in a separate study [Faucheux, C., Nicholls, B.M., Allen, S., Danks, J.A, Horton, M.A., Price, J.S., 2004. Recapitulation of the parathyroid hormone-related peptide-Indian hedgehog pathway in the regenerating deer antler. Dev. Dyn. 231, 88-97] positive for parathyroid hormone-related peptide and its receptor.
鹿茸再生是一个极其强烈且复杂的过程，涉及软骨内成骨和膜内成骨。通过细胞外基质标记物对马鹿（Cervus elaphus）发育中的鹿茸中的细胞分化进行了表征。通过免疫组织化学和原位杂交监测了四种matrilin基因的表达，并与软骨标记物胶原蛋白II和软骨连接蛋白、骨成分胶原蛋白I以及内皮基底膜成分层粘连蛋白进行了比较。鹿茸尖端的间充质层富含连接蛋白，表明透明质酸在顶端形态发生中的作用。Matrilin-2以前被描述为硬组织和软组织结缔组织基质的成分，在此也被鉴定为具有高分化潜能细胞的标记物：它主要由间充质细胞、前软骨细胞和成骨前体细胞表达。除了被记录为骨细胞外基质成分的matrilin-3外，在骨祖细胞和成骨细胞中还观察到了其他三种matrilin基因的表达。一层假定的骨祖细胞围绕着血管周围通道，表达所有四种matrilin和胶原蛋白I。因此，包括以前仅在软骨中检测到的matrilin-1在内的所有四种matrilin，都被发现在与肥大软骨细胞柱相邻的薄层中与富含胶原蛋白I的结构相关联。在骨膜中鉴定出了具有相似形态和表达模式的细胞。在另一项单独的研究中[Faucheux, C., Nicholls, B.M., Allen, S., Danks, J.A, Horton, M.A., Price, J.S., 2004. Recapitulation of the parathyroid hormone-related peptide-Indian hedgehog pathway in the regenerating deer antler. Dev. Dyn. 231, 88-97]，所有表达这四种matrilin的软骨形成和成骨谱系的细胞类型甲状旁腺激素相关肽及其受体均呈阳性。
