Dickson Joanne M, MacLeod Andrew K
Royal Holloway, University of London, UK.
J Adolesc. 2006 Apr;29(2):177-91. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.03.007.
Relatively little research has studied emotional disturbance from a motivational perspective. The current study aimed to investigate personal goal systems at different levels of analysis, namely, personal goals, associated causal explanations and goal expectancies, as a function of dysphoria. Dysphoric (n = 28) and non-dysphoric (n = 28) adolescents (16-18-yr-olds) selected from a larger school sample completed tasks that measured number of approach goals and avoidance goals, causal explanations for goals, and perceived likelihood and control estimates for idiographic goals. As predicted dysphoric adolescents, relative to controls, generated a combination of more avoidance goals and fewer approach goals, and thought of more reasons that explain why goals would not be achieved and fewer reasons that explain why goals would be achieved (irrespective of goal type), and considered avoidance goal outcomes as more likely to occur and approach goal outcomes as less likely to occur. In addition, dysphoric adolescents anticipated less personal control in implementing their goals than controls. Overall, the data identified distinct personal goal systems that function differently in dysphoric and non-dysphoric adolescents.
相对而言，很少有研究从动机的角度探讨情绪障碍。本研究旨在调查不同分析层面的个人目标系统，即个人目标、相关的因果解释和目标期望，作为烦躁不安的一个函数。从一个更大的学校样本中选取的烦躁不安的青少年（n = 28）和非烦躁不安的青少年（n = 28）（年龄在16 - 18岁之间）完成了测量趋近目标和回避目标数量、目标的因果解释以及针对个人目标的感知可能性和控制估计的任务。正如预测的那样，与对照组相比，烦躁不安的青少年产生了更多的回避目标和更少的趋近目标，并且想到更多解释目标无法实现的原因以及更少解释目标能够实现的原因（无论目标类型如何），并且认为回避目标结果更有可能发生而趋近目标结果更不可能发生。此外，烦躁不安的青少年预期在实现目标时比对照组拥有更少的个人控制。总体而言，数据确定了在烦躁不安和非烦躁不安的青少年中发挥不同作用的独特个人目标系统。
