Burns Alan J
Neural Development Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
Int J Dev Biol. 2005;49(2-3):143-50. doi: 10.1387/ijdb.041935ab.
The enteric nervous system, the intrinsic innervation of the gastrointestinal tract, consists of large numbers of phenotypically diverse neurons and glial cells, arranged in complex interconnecting plexuses situated between the smooth muscle layers of the gut wall. Recently, the enteric nervous system has attracted much attention from developmental biologists whose efforts have focused on analysing the cellular origins of enteric nervous system precursor cells, how these cells migrate to and within the gut and the identification of signalling mechanisms which cause migrating cells to differentiate into the appropriate phenotypes in the appropriate locations. This review summarises the state of knowledge concerning the early stages of enteric nervous system development and concentrates on: (i) the embryological origins of the neural crest cells which colonise the gastrointestinal tract, (ii) their spatiotemporal migration within the gut, (iii) the possible pre-specification of neural crest cells as enteric nervous system precursors and (iv) factors influencing their directional migration within the gut.
肠神经系统是胃肠道的内在神经支配，由大量表型各异的神经元和神经胶质细胞组成，这些细胞排列在位于肠壁平滑肌层之间的复杂相互连接的神经丛中。最近，肠神经系统引起了发育生物学家的广泛关注，他们的研究重点集中在分析肠神经系统前体细胞的细胞起源、这些细胞如何迁移到肠道并在肠道内迁移，以及确定导致迁移细胞在适当位置分化为适当表型的信号传导机制。本综述总结了有关肠神经系统发育早期阶段的知识状况，并着重于：（i）定居于胃肠道的神经嵴细胞的胚胎起源，（ii）它们在肠道内的时空迁移，（iii）神经嵴细胞作为肠神经系统前体的可能预先指定，以及（iv）影响它们在肠道内定向迁移的因素。
