Desenclos J-C
Département maladies infectieuses, Institut de Veille Sanitaire, 12 rue du Val-d'Osne, 94415 Saint-Maurice cedex, France.
Med Mal Infect. 2005 May;35(5):232-44. doi: 10.1016/j.medmal.2005.02.007.
Surveillance is a continuous and systematic process of collection, analysis, and diffusion of health data to all those who contributed to the collection and all those who need this data in order to take action. Surveillance activities first target health problems for which effective prevention or control measures are available. Surveillance objectives include the following-up of trends and changes in disease characteristics, evaluation of public health actions, and early detection of infectious diseases threats and epidemic and their investigation. The data produced by surveillance systems allow prioritizing public health actions and defining the objectives of infectious diseases control or prevention. The surveillance of infectious diseases relies on a large number of partners grouped in a public health network in which clinicians and microbiologists have a prominent role. In France, the surveillance of infectious diseases is based on mandatory notification of some diseases, national reference centers, networks of voluntary health professionals or services, and repeated surveys. The national surveillance is coordinated by a public health institute, "l'Institut de Veille Sanitaire", the missions of which are public health surveillance of the population, alerting health authorities in case of health threats, and identifying the determinants of changes in the population's health status.
监测是一个持续且系统的过程，用于收集、分析健康数据，并将其传播给所有参与数据收集的人员以及所有需要这些数据以采取行动的人员。监测活动首先针对那些有有效预防或控制措施的健康问题。监测目标包括跟踪疾病特征的趋势和变化、评估公共卫生行动，以及早期发现传染病威胁、疫情及其调查。监测系统产生的数据有助于确定公共卫生行动的优先级，并确定传染病控制或预防的目标。传染病监测依赖于众多在公共卫生网络中组织起来的合作伙伴，其中临床医生和微生物学家发挥着重要作用。在法国，传染病监测基于对某些疾病的强制通报、国家参考中心、自愿参与的卫生专业人员或服务网络，以及重复调查。国家监测由一家公共卫生机构“卫生监测研究所”协调，其任务包括对人群进行公共卫生监测、在出现健康威胁时向卫生当局发出警报，以及确定人群健康状况变化的决定因素。
