Kalso Eija
University of Helsinki, and Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
J Pain Symptom Manage. 2005 May;29(5 Suppl):S47-56. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2005.01.010.
Oxycodone has been in clinical use since 1917. Parenteral oxycodone was used mainly for the treatment of acute postoperative pain whereas combinations, for example, oxycodone and acetaminophen, were used for moderate pain. Since the introduction of controlled-release oxycodone, it has been used to manage cancer-related pain and chronic non-cancer-related pain problems. Controlled studies have been performed in postoperative pain, cancer pain, osteoarthritis-related pain, and neuropathic pain due to postherpetic neuralgia and diabetic neuropathy. The pharmacodynamic effects of oxycodone are typical of a mu-opioid agonist. Oxycodone closely resembles morphine but it has some distinct differences, particularly in its pharmacokinetic profile. Being an old drug, the basic pharmacology of oxycodone has been a neglected field of research.
羟考酮自1917年起便应用于临床。注射用羟考酮主要用于治疗术后急性疼痛，而诸如羟考酮与对乙酰氨基酚的复方制剂则用于中度疼痛。自控释羟考酮问世以来，它已被用于管理癌症相关疼痛及慢性非癌症相关疼痛问题。针对术后疼痛、癌症疼痛、骨关节炎相关疼痛以及带状疱疹后神经痛和糖尿病性神经病变所致的神经性疼痛，均开展了对照研究。羟考酮的药效学作用是典型的μ阿片受体激动剂。羟考酮与吗啡极为相似，但也存在一些明显差异，尤其是在药代动力学方面。作为一种老药，羟考酮的基础药理学一直是一个被忽视的研究领域。
