Chandran Siddharthan, Compston Alastair
Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
J Neurol Sci. 2005 Jun 15;233(1-2):179-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2005.03.019.
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are considered to have widespread therapeutic possibilities on account of their ability to provide large numbers of cells whilst retaining multi-potentiality. Application to human demyelinating diseases requires improved understanding of the signalling requirements underlying the generation of oligodendrocytes from NSCs. During development, spinal cord oligodendrocyte precursors (OPCs) originate from the ventral, but not dorsal neuroepithelium due to the regulatory effects of the morphogen Sonic hedgehog (Shh). The developing human spinal cord shows comparable ventral-dorsal gradient of oligodendrocyte differentiation potential to the embryonic rodent spinal cord. In contrast expanded human neural precursors derived from both isolated ventral or dorsal cultures show a reduced capacity to generate oligodendrocytes, whereas comparable rodent cultures demonstrate a marked increase in oligodendrocyte formation by a hedgehog independent pathway. Inter-species difference in the capacity of neural precursors to generate oligodendrocytes emphasises the need for greater study of human derived stem cell populations.
神经干细胞（NSCs）因其能够提供大量细胞并保持多能性而被认为具有广泛的治疗潜力。将其应用于人类脱髓鞘疾病需要更好地理解神经干细胞产生少突胶质细胞的信号需求。在发育过程中，由于形态发生素音猬因子（Shh）的调节作用，脊髓少突胶质细胞前体细胞（OPCs）起源于腹侧而非背侧神经上皮。发育中的人类脊髓显示出与胚胎啮齿动物脊髓相当的少突胶质细胞分化潜能腹背梯度。相比之下，来自分离的腹侧或背侧培养物的扩增人类神经前体细胞产生少突胶质细胞的能力降低，而类似的啮齿动物培养物通过刺猬因子非依赖性途径显示少突胶质细胞形成显著增加。神经前体细胞产生少突胶质细胞能力的种间差异强调了对人类来源干细胞群体进行更多研究的必要性。
