Deisenberg Markus, Stayer Stephen A
Department of Anesthesiology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Paediatr Anaesth. 2005 Jun;15(6):515-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2005.01482.x.
There is an increased incidence of pulmonary hemorrhage and hemoptysis among patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). The pathophysiology of pulmonary hemorrhage in CHD includes pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary venous congestion, aorto-pulmonary collaterals, pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, and dilated bronchial arteries. We present the case of a 6-year old boy who required treatment for massive hemoptysis after staged palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). Effective management of this life threatening entity is described as well as the anesthetic implications of performing rigid bronchoscopy in a patient with the Fontan circulation and massive hemoptysis.
先天性心脏病（CHD）患者中肺出血和咯血的发生率有所增加。CHD中肺出血的病理生理学包括肺动脉高压、肺静脉淤血、主肺动脉侧支、肺动静脉畸形和扩张的支气管动脉。我们报告一例6岁男孩的病例，该男孩在接受左心发育不全综合征（HLHS）分期姑息治疗后出现大量咯血，需要进行治疗。本文描述了对这一危及生命情况的有效管理，以及在患有Fontan循环和大量咯血的患者中进行硬质支气管镜检查的麻醉注意事项。
