To die or grow: Parkinson's disease and cancer.

Epidemiological evidence suggests a reduced incidence of many common types of non-smoking-related cancers in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). Genes that underlie familial forms of PD are often abnormally expressed in cancer, owing to their differential regulation or mutation. Functional studies implicate these genes in maintenance of the cell cycle, in some cases through interaction in the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Variation in genes associated with familial-linked PD could therefore modify susceptibility to both cancer and PD, implying some degree of overlap in the underlying biochemical dysfunction. When considering the normal function of these PD-linked genes in the periphery and their potential role in cancer, further emphasis might be placed on protein handling relating to cell-cycle control in the etiology of PD.