Hirvensalo M, Heikkinen E, Lintunen T, Rantanen T
Department of Physical Education, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
Prev Med. 2005 Jul;41(1):342-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.11.020.
Little is known about how health care professionals advice older people with chronic conditions about physical exercise. This study investigated exercise counseling in the context of health care as perceived by older people, and factors associated with perceived advice.
Participants were 580 non-institutional 73- to 92-year-old people who reported at least one contact with health care during the previous 12 months.
Of all the participants, 23% recalled solely recommendations to exercise, and 9% solely warnings against exercise. Additionally, 34% recalled receiving both recommendations for and warnings against physical activity, and 34% did not recall exercise-related advice at all. Recalling solely recommendations to exercise was associated with having musculoskeletal diseases and impaired mobility. Reporting solely warnings against physical activity was more common among those having heart conditions. Recalling both recommendations for and warnings against exercise was associated with being physically active despite of having heart conditions, musculoskeletal diseases, and impaired mobility. Recalling no exercise-related advice was most common among people who were sedentary and older, had fewer chronic conditions and reported no mobility limitation.
A substantial proportion of older people recalled negative, no, or contradicting advice about exercise. As warnings against physical activity may outweigh recommendations to exercise, special attention should be paid to the content of advice in order to avoid discouraging older people from being active.
关于医护人员如何向患有慢性病的老年人提供体育锻炼方面的建议，我们所知甚少。本研究调查了老年人所感知的医疗保健背景下的运动咨询情况，以及与感知到的建议相关的因素。
研究对象为580名73至92岁的非机构化老人，他们报告在过去12个月内至少与医疗保健机构有过一次接触。
在所有参与者中，23%仅回忆起了运动建议，9%仅回忆起了运动警告。此外，34%回忆起了运动建议和运动警告，34%根本没有回忆起与运动相关的建议。仅回忆起运动建议与患有肌肉骨骼疾病和行动不便有关。仅报告运动警告在患有心脏病的人群中更为常见。回忆起运动建议和运动警告与尽管患有心脏病、肌肉骨骼疾病和行动不便但仍积极运动有关。没有回忆起与运动相关的建议在久坐不动、年龄较大、慢性病较少且报告无行动限制的人群中最为常见。
相当一部分老年人回忆起了关于运动的负面、无或相互矛盾的建议。由于运动警告可能超过运动建议，因此应特别关注建议的内容，以避免打消老年人运动的积极性。
