Bere Elling, Veierød Marit B, Klepp Knut-Inge
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Box 1046 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
Prev Med. 2005 Aug;41(2):463-70. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.11.024.
This study reports the effect of providing Norwegian school children with free fruit or vegetables every school day and the effect of an existing fee-based School Fruit Programme.
Seventh grade pupils and their parents completed questionnaires at baseline (autumn 2001) and at follow-up (spring 2002). Nine schools participated in the School Fruit Programme for free (Free fruit), nine schools took part at standard conditions (Paid fruit), and 20 schools did not take part in the subscription programme (No fruit). A total of 795 7th graders (11 or 12 years old at baseline) participated both at baseline and at follow-up.
At follow-up, pupils attending the Free fruit schools had significantly higher intake of fruit and vegetables at school than the pupils at the Paid fruit and No fruit schools (P < 0.001, mean intakes were 1.1, 0.4 and 0.2 portions, respectively). Subscribers at the Paid fruit schools had significantly higher intake than the non-subscribers at the same schools.
Providing a free piece of fruit or a vegetable is an effective strategy to increase school children's fruit and vegetable intake. The existing School Fruit Programme appears to increase the intake among the subscribers, but thereby also tends to increase an existing difference in consumption patterns among subscribers and non-subscribers.
本研究报告了在每个上学日为挪威学童提供免费水果或蔬菜的效果以及现有的收费制学校水果计划的效果。
七年级学生及其家长在基线期（2001年秋季）和随访期（2002年春季）完成问卷调查。9所学校免费参与学校水果计划（免费水果组），9所学校在标准条件下参与（付费水果组），20所学校未参与订购计划（无水果组）。共有795名七年级学生（基线期年龄为11或12岁）在基线期和随访期均参与。
随访时，就读于免费水果组学校的学生在学校的水果和蔬菜摄入量显著高于付费水果组和无水果组学校的学生（P<0.001，平均摄入量分别为1.1份、0.4份和0.2份）。付费水果组学校的订购者摄入量显著高于同一学校的非订购者。
提供一份免费水果或蔬菜是增加学童水果和蔬菜摄入量的有效策略。现有的学校水果计划似乎增加了订购者的摄入量，但也往往加剧了订购者和非订购者之间在消费模式上已有的差异。
