Research Centre in Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Research, School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP 598, Route de 24 Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium.
Research Institute LABIRIS, Brussels, Belgium.
Eur J Nutr. 2023 Dec;62(8):3287-3296. doi: 10.1007/s00394-023-03199-5. Epub 2023 Aug 16.
To investigate time trends in daily fruit consumption among Western European adolescents and in related socioeconomic inequalities.
We used nationally representative data from 18 countries participating in five rounds (2002 to 2018) of the cross-sectional "Health Behaviour in School-aged Children" (HBSC) survey (n = 458,973). The questionnaire, standardised across countries and rounds, was self-administered at school by 11-, 13- and 15-year-old adolescents. Daily fruit consumption was assessed using a short food frequency questionnaire (sFFQ). Socioeconomic inequalities were measured using the Family Affluence Scale (FAS). Multilevel logistic regressions were applied to study linear time trends in daily fruit consumption, overall, by country and by FAS.
Between 2002 and 2018, daily fruit consumption increased in 10 countries (OR range, 1.04 to 1.13, p < 0.05) and decreased in 3 (OR range 0.96 to 0.98, p < 0.05). In all survey years combined, prevalence of daily fruit consumption was significantly higher among high FAS groups (42.6%) compared to medium (36.1%) and low FAS groups (31.7%; all countries: p < 0.001). Between 2002 and 2018, socioeconomic inequalities in fruit consumption increased in Austria, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Scotland, Sweden, and Switzerland. Only in Norway FAS inequalities decreased while the prevalence increased.
The prevalence of daily fruit consumption generally increased among adolescents between 2002 and 2018 in Western European countries, yet socioeconomic inequalities increased in some countries. Public health interventions should continue to promote fruit consumption with special attention to lower socioeconomic groups.
研究西欧青少年日常水果消费的时间趋势及相关社会经济不平等现象。
我们使用了参加跨地区“青少年健康行为”（HBSC）调查五个轮次（2002 年至 2018 年）的 18 个国家的全国代表性数据（n=458973）。问卷在各国和各轮次之间进行了标准化，由 11 岁、13 岁和 15 岁的青少年在学校自行填写。日常水果消费使用简短食物频率问卷（sFFQ）进行评估。社会经济不平等程度采用家庭富裕程度量表（FAS）进行衡量。采用多水平逻辑回归分析研究日常水果消费的线性时间趋势，整体趋势、按国家和 FAS 进行分层分析。
2002 年至 2018 年间，10 个国家的日常水果消费呈上升趋势（OR 范围 1.04 至 1.13，p<0.05），3 个国家呈下降趋势（OR 范围 0.96 至 0.98，p<0.05）。在所有调查年份中，高 FAS 组（42.6%）的日常水果消费率明显高于中 FAS 组（36.1%）和低 FAS 组（31.7%；所有国家：p<0.001）。2002 年至 2018 年间，奥地利、德国、意大利、荷兰、苏格兰、瑞典和瑞士的水果消费社会经济不平等程度有所增加。只有挪威的 FAS 不平等程度下降，而水果消费率上升。
2002 年至 2018 年间，西欧国家青少年的日常水果消费率普遍上升，但一些国家的社会经济不平等程度有所增加。公共卫生干预措施应继续促进水果消费，特别关注社会经济较低的群体。
