认知心理学：视觉搜索中常遗漏稀有物品。
Cognitive psychology: rare items often missed in visual searches.
作者信息
Wolfe Jeremy M, Horowitz Todd S, Kenner Naomi M
机构信息
Visual Attention Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
出版信息
Nature. 2005 May 26;435(7041):439-40. doi: 10.1038/435439a.
Abstract
Our society relies on accurate performance in visual screening tasks--for example, to detect knives in luggage or tumours in mammograms. These are visual searches for rare targets. We show here that target rarity leads to disturbingly inaccurate performance in target detection: if observers do not find what they are looking for fairly frequently, they often fail to notice it when it does appear.
摘要
我们的社会依赖于视觉筛查任务中的准确表现——例如，在行李中检测刀具或在乳房X光片中检测肿瘤。这些都是对罕见目标的视觉搜索。我们在此表明，目标的稀有性会导致目标检测中出现令人不安的不准确表现：如果观察者不能相当频繁地找到他们正在寻找的东西，那么当目标确实出现时，他们往往会注意不到。
相似文献
1
Cognitive psychology: rare items often missed in visual searches.认知心理学：视觉搜索中常遗漏稀有物品。
Nature. 2005 May 26;435(7041):439-40. doi: 10.1038/435439a.
2
Non-visual spatial tasks reveal increased interactions with stance postural control.非视觉空间任务显示与姿势控制的相互作用增加。
Brain Res. 2008 May 7;1208:95-102. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.03.005. Epub 2008 Mar 18.
3
Blink rate, blink amplitude, and tear film integrity during dynamic visual display terminal tasks.在动态视觉显示终端任务期间的眨眼率、眨眼幅度和泪膜完整性。
Curr Eye Res. 2011 Mar;36(3):190-7. doi: 10.3109/02713683.2010.544442. Epub 2011 Jan 28.
4
The ultra-rare-item effect: visual search for exceedingly rare items is highly susceptible to error.超稀有物品效应：对极其罕见物品的视觉搜索极易出错。
Psychol Sci. 2014 Jan;25(1):284-9. doi: 10.1177/0956797613504221. Epub 2013 Nov 22.
5
Sitting posture, postural discomfort, and visual performance: a critical view on the interdependence of cognitive and anthropometric factors in the VDU workplace.
Int J Occup Saf Ergon. 2003;9(4):503-14. doi: 10.1080/10803548.2003.11076586.
6
Accessing embodied object representations from vision: A review.从视觉上获取具身物体表征：综述。
Psychol Bull. 2015 May;141(3):511-24. doi: 10.1037/bul0000001. Epub 2014 Oct 13.
7
Visual skills in airport-security screening.机场安检中的视觉技能。
Psychol Sci. 2004 May;15(5):302-6. doi: 10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00673.x.
8
Postural sway during dual tasks in young and elderly adults.年轻人和老年人在双重任务期间的姿势摇摆。
Gerontology. 2007;53(5):274-81. doi: 10.1159/000102938. Epub 2007 May 16.
9
Contributions of delayed visual feedback and cognitive task load to postural dynamics.延迟视觉反馈和认知任务负荷对姿势动力学的贡献。
Neurosci Lett. 2010 Sep 13;481(3):173-7. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.06.081. Epub 2010 Jul 3.
10
Upper limb asymmetries in the matching of proprioceptive versus visual targets.本体感觉目标与视觉目标匹配中的上肢不对称性。
J Neurophysiol. 2008 Jun;99(6):3063-74. doi: 10.1152/jn.90259.2008. Epub 2008 Apr 24.
引用本文的文献
1
Presenting segmented images in a rapid serial visual presentation stream improves search accuracy.在快速序列视觉呈现流中展示分割图像可提高搜索准确性。
Cogn Res Princ Implic. 2025 Aug 15;10(1):49. doi: 10.1186/s41235-025-00653-2.
2
The joint effect of feedback order and reward schemes on prevalence-induced perceptual decisions.反馈顺序和奖励机制对患病率诱导的感知决策的联合影响。
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 10;15(1):24908. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-10707-6.
3
Effects of prevalence and feedback in the identification of blast cells in peripheral blood: expert and novice observers.外周血中原始细胞识别中患病率及反馈的影响：专家与新手观察者
Cogn Res Princ Implic. 2025 Jun 15;10(1):30. doi: 10.1186/s41235-025-00632-7.
4
Dissociable effects of fatigue on performance and metacognition from automatic target cuing in undersea threat detection.疲劳对水下威胁探测中自动目标提示的性能和元认知的可分离影响。
Cogn Res Princ Implic. 2025 Jun 15;10(1):29. doi: 10.1186/s41235-025-00638-1.
5
Reducing the low prevalence effect: Does similarity search translate to binary decisions?减少低患病率影响：相似性搜索能否转化为二元决策？
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2025 May 13. doi: 10.3758/s13414-025-03084-9.
6
Mixing it up: Intermixed and blocked visual search tasks produce similar results.混合操作：混合式和分块式视觉搜索任务产生相似的结果。
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2025 May 8. doi: 10.3758/s13414-025-03077-8.
7
A gaze into the void: Anticipatory saccades toward prevented events.凝视虚空：对被阻止事件的预期扫视。
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2025 Apr;87(3):848-861. doi: 10.3758/s13414-025-03019-4. Epub 2025 Feb 26.
8
How expectations alter search performance.期望如何改变搜索性能。
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2025 Feb;87(2):334-353. doi: 10.3758/s13414-025-03022-9. Epub 2025 Feb 6.
9
Assessment of a semiquantitative scoring system for mild-to-moderate gill lesions in Atlantic salmon reared in recirculating aquaculture systems in Norway.对挪威循环水养殖系统中养殖的大西洋鲑鱼轻度至中度鳃损伤的半定量评分系统的评估。
J Vet Diagn Invest. 2025 Mar;37(2):252-262. doi: 10.1177/10406387241310900. Epub 2025 Jan 28.
10
Effects of blinded and nonblinded sequential human redundancy on inspection effort and inspection outcome in low prevalence visual search.在低患病率视觉搜索中，盲目和非盲目顺序人为冗余对检查努力和检查结果的影响。
Sci Rep. 2024 Oct 3;14(1):23003. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-72210-8.
本文引用的文献
1
Changes in breast cancer detection and mammography recall rates after the introduction of a computer-aided detection system.引入计算机辅助检测系统后乳腺癌检测及乳腺X线摄影召回率的变化
J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004 Feb 4;96(3):185-90. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djh067.
2
From the laboratory to the clinic: the "prevalence effect".
Acad Radiol. 2003 Nov;10(11):1324-6. doi: 10.1016/s1076-6332(03)00466-5.
3
The psychophysics of visual search.视觉搜索的心理物理学
Vision Res. 2000;40(10-12):1227-68. doi: 10.1016/s0042-6989(99)00244-8.
4
Just say no: how are visual searches terminated when there is no target present?直接拒绝：当没有目标出现时，视觉搜索是如何终止的？
Cogn Psychol. 1996 Feb;30(1):39-78. doi: 10.1006/cogp.1996.0002.
Zotero 插件