Gestreau Christian, Dutschmann Mathias, Obled Stéphane, Bianchi Armand Louis
Laboratoire de Physiologie Neurovégétative, UMR CNRS 6153 INRA 1147, Université Paul Cézanne Aix-Marseille III, Av. Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France.
Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2005 Jul 28;147(2-3):159-76. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2005.03.015.
Neural control of tongue muscles plays a crucial role in a broad range of oropharyngeal behaviors. Tongue movements must be rapidly and accurately adjusted in response to the demands of multiple complex motor tasks including licking/mastication, swallowing, vocalization, breathing and protective reflexes such as coughing. Yet, central mechanisms responsible for motor and premotor control of hypoglossal (XII) activity during these behaviors are still largely unknown. The aim of this article is to review the functional organization of the XII motor nucleus with particular emphasis on breathing, coughing and swallowing. Anatomical localization of XII premotor neurons is also considered. We discuss results concerned with multifunctional activity of medullary and pontine populations of XII premotor neurons, representing a single network that can be reconfigured to produce different oromotor response patterns. In this context, we introduce new data on swallowing-related activity of XII (and trigeminal) motoneurons, and finally suggest a prominent role for the pontine Kölliker-Fuse nucleus in the control of inspiratory-related activity of XII motoneurons supplying tongue protrusor and retrusor muscles.
舌肌的神经控制在广泛的口咽行为中起着至关重要的作用。舌运动必须根据多种复杂运动任务的需求迅速而准确地进行调整，这些任务包括舔舐/咀嚼、吞咽、发声、呼吸以及诸如咳嗽等保护性反射。然而，在这些行为过程中负责舌下神经（XII）活动的运动和运动前控制的中枢机制在很大程度上仍然未知。本文的目的是综述舌下神经运动核的功能组织，特别强调呼吸、咳嗽和吞咽。还考虑了舌下神经运动前神经元的解剖定位。我们讨论了与舌下神经运动前神经元的延髓和脑桥群体的多功能活动有关的结果，这些神经元代表了一个单一的网络，该网络可以重新配置以产生不同的口面部运动反应模式。在此背景下，我们介绍了有关舌下神经（和三叉神经）运动神经元吞咽相关活动的新数据，最后提出脑桥的柯利克-福斯核在控制供应舌伸出肌和回缩肌的舌下神经运动神经元的吸气相关活动中起重要作用。
