Pimentel David
Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, 5126 Comstock Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
Environ Manage. 2005 May;35(5):692-702. doi: 10.1007/s00267-004-0214-7.
A total of 154 aquatic alien species have invaded the New York State Canal and Hudson River systems and a total of 162 aquatic species have invaded the Great Lakes Basin. Some of these invasive species are causing significant damage and control costs in both aquatic ecosystems. In the New York State Canal and Hudson River systems, the nonindigenous species are causing an estimated 500 million dollars in economic losses each year. The economic and environmental situation in the Great Lakes Basin is far more serious from nonindigenous species, with losses estimated to be about 5.7 billion dollars per year. Commercial and sport fishing suffer the most from the biological invasions, with about 400 million dollars in losses reported for the New York State Canal and Hudson River systems and 4.5 billion dollars in losses reported for the Great Lakes Basin.
共有154种外来水生物种侵入了纽约州运河和哈得逊河水系，另有162种水生物种侵入了五大湖流域。其中一些入侵物种正在给这两个水生生态系统造成重大破坏并带来控制成本。在纽约州运河和哈得逊河水系，非本土物种每年造成的经济损失估计达5亿美元。五大湖流域因非本土物种造成的经济和环境形势要严峻得多，估计每年损失约57亿美元。商业捕鱼和休闲捕鱼受生物入侵影响最大，纽约州运河和哈得逊河水系报告的损失约为4亿美元，五大湖流域报告的损失为45亿美元。
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