Luke Barbara
School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, 5801 Red Road, Coral Cables, FL 33143-3850, USA.
Clin Perinatol. 2005 Jun;32(2):403-29, vii. doi: 10.1016/j.clp.2005.02.005.
Multiple pregnancies represent a state of magnified nutritional requirements, resulting in a greater nutrient drain on maternal resources and an accelerated depletion of nutritional reserves. Maternal weight gain to 20 weeks and between 20 and 28 weeks has the greatest effect on birthweight in twin and triplet pregnancies, particularly among underweight women. Parity, which most likely represents a higher proportion of body fat, has a positive effect on pregnancy outcome, with an average 7 to 10 days longer gestation for multiparous versus nulliparous women. In addition to being the nutrients most often lacking in a woman's diet, calcium, magnesium, and zinc have been identified as having the most potential for reducing pregnancy complications and improving outcomes.
多胎妊娠意味着营养需求增加，导致母体资源的营养消耗更大，营养储备加速耗尽。在双胎和三胎妊娠中，孕妇在孕20周时以及孕20至28周期间的体重增加对出生体重影响最大，尤其是在体重过轻的女性中。经产状态很可能代表着更高比例的体脂，对妊娠结局有积极影响，经产妇比初产妇的平均妊娠期长7至10天。钙、镁和锌除了是女性饮食中最常缺乏的营养素外，还被认为最有潜力减少妊娠并发症并改善妊娠结局。
