Yim Peter, Demarco Kevin, Castro Marcelo A, Cebral Juan
UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
Stud Health Technol Inform. 2005;113:412-42.
Considerable evidence has emerged that adverse blood flow patterns are a major factor in the onset of atherosclerotic disease and may play a role in disease progression. This chapter reviews a technique, referred to as vascular computational fluid dynamics (CFD), for characterizing blood flow patterns in large arteries from magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and velocity-encoded phase-contrast magnetic resonance (PC MR) imaging. In vascular CFD, hemodynamic conditions are modeled by the finite-element method with flow is governed by the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. Construction of the vascular CFD models is a multi-step process. Critical aspects of the methodology are described in detail including surface reconstruction, construction of the volumetric mesh, imposition of boundary conditions and solution of the finite element model. In vitro and in vivo experimentation is discussed that demonstrates, in a preliminary manner, the validity of the methodology. Flow models are presented for carotid arteries with a wide range of atherosclerotic disease. Considerable evidence has emerged that disturbed blood flow patterns are a major factor in the onset of atherosclerotic disease and may play a role in disease progression. The proposed chapter will review a technique for characterizing blood flow patterns in large arteries from magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and velocity-encoded phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging. This technique, known as vascular computational fluid dynamics (CFD), has been applied extensively to the bifurcation region of the carotid artery, a common site of plaque formation. Common hemodynamic features in this region will be presented based on imaging of a series of normal subjects. Hemodynamic features in the vicinity of the carotid bifurcation will also be presented for a series of subjects with advanced atherosclerotic disease.
大量证据表明，不良的血流模式是动脉粥样硬化疾病发病的主要因素，并且可能在疾病进展中起作用。本章回顾了一种称为血管计算流体动力学（CFD）的技术，用于从磁共振血管造影（MRA）和速度编码相位对比磁共振（PC MR）成像中表征大动脉中的血流模式。在血管CFD中，血流动力学条件通过有限元方法进行建模，流动由不可压缩的纳维-斯托克斯方程控制。血管CFD模型的构建是一个多步骤过程。详细描述了该方法的关键方面，包括表面重建、体积网格构建、边界条件的施加以及有限元模型的求解。讨论了体外和体内实验，这些实验初步证明了该方法的有效性。给出了具有广泛动脉粥样硬化疾病的颈动脉的血流模型。大量证据表明，紊乱的血流模式是动脉粥样硬化疾病发病的主要因素，并且可能在疾病进展中起作用。本章将回顾一种从磁共振血管造影（MRA）和速度编码相位对比磁共振成像中表征大动脉血流模式的技术。这种技术称为血管计算流体动力学（CFD），已广泛应用于颈动脉分叉区域，这是斑块形成的常见部位。将基于一系列正常受试者的成像展示该区域常见的血流动力学特征。还将展示一系列患有晚期动脉粥样硬化疾病的受试者颈动脉分叉附近的血流动力学特征。
