Porth C M, Erickson M
School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee 53201.
Heart Lung. 1992 May;21(3):273-82.
Thirst and drinking function to maintain body water balance and are basic to survival. Thirst is often associated with a dry unpleasant-tasting mouth and the feeling of a need to obtain water; it can result from dehydration, decreased vascular volume, dry mouth, pharmacologic agents, or inappropriate activation of the thirst mechanism. Drinking involves the motor activities that culminate in ingestion of liquids. Thirst sensation and drinking are influenced by many factors, including the temperature and taste of a liquid. Thirst may be discomforting in persons with limited fluid intake, diminished in some elderly persons, and inappropriate in persons who are compulsive water drinkers. Although nurses are commonly confronted with client complaints of thirst, there has been minimal nursing research that relates to assessment of thirst and drinking behaviors, nursing diagnoses for thirst, or nursing interventions for persons with altered thirst or drinking behaviors.
口渴和饮水的作用是维持身体水平衡，这对生存至关重要。口渴常伴有口腔干燥、味道不佳以及需要获取水分的感觉；它可能由脱水、血容量减少、口干、药物或口渴机制的不适当激活引起。饮水涉及最终导致液体摄入的运动活动。口渴感和饮水受到许多因素的影响，包括液体的温度和味道。口渴在液体摄入量有限的人群中可能令人不适，在一些老年人中可能减弱，而在强迫性饮水者中可能不适当。尽管护士经常面对患者关于口渴的主诉，但与口渴和饮水行为评估、口渴的护理诊断或口渴或饮水行为改变者的护理干预相关的护理研究却很少。
