Attenuation of platelet-activating factor-induced airway responses with methylprednisolone succinate in sheep.

Intratracheal instillation of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in sheep produces bronchoconstriction and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) by a two-stage process that involves the initial stimulation of PAF receptors followed by the secondary generation of proinflammatory mediators. Because the biological effects of PAF may be mediated by these proinflammatory metabolites, it is possible that a steroidal anti-inflammatory agent would modify the airway responses of PAF. We measured specific lung resistance (sRL) in sheep (n = 11) before, immediately after, and serially for up to 2 h after intratracheal instillation of PAF (30 micrograms/kg). Airway responsiveness was measured 2 h post-PAF when sRL had returned to baseline and was expressed as the cumulative provocating dose of carbachol that increased sRL to 4 l.cmH2O.l-1.s (PD4). PD4 was determined on a control day and on different experiment days without or after treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone (MPS; 1 mg/kg) administered 3 h before (n = 6), 20 min before PAF (n = 7), or 20 min after PAF challenge (n = 7). PAF increased sRL by 222 +/- 44% (SE) above baseline and decreased PD4 of carbachol by 44 +/- 5% (P less than 0.05). Pretreatment (both 3 h and 20 min) with MPS attenuated the PAF-induced increases in sRL, whereas its administration 20 min post-PAF had no effect. Irrespective of the effects on sRL, MPS administration inhibited the PAF-induced AHR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)