Salerno-Kennedy Rossana, Cashman Kevin D
Department of Food and Nutritional Science, University College, Cork, Ireland.
Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2005 Mar;75(2):83-95. doi: 10.1024/0300-9831.75.2.83.
This review gives a brief overview of the main types of dementia and summarizes current thinking on the relationship between nutritional-related factors and disorders, and dementia. Dementia is a multi-factor pathological condition, and nutrition is one factor that may play a role on its onset and progression. An optimal intake of nutrients doesn't protect people from dementia. However, studies in this area show that inadequate dietary habits, which are of particular concern in elderly populations, may increase the risk of developing a number of age-related diseases, including disorders of impaired cognitive function. They show that a deficiency in essential nutrients, such as certain B complex vitamins, can result in hyperhomocysteinemia, a well-known risk factor for atherosclerosis and recently associated with cognitive impairment in old age. A deficiency of antioxidants such as vitamins C and E, and beta-carotene, as well as nutrition-related disorders like hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and diabetes, may also have some role in cognitive impairment. These factors can be present for a long time before cognitive impairment becomes evident, therefore they could be potentially detected and corrected in a timely manner.
本综述简要概述了痴呆的主要类型，并总结了当前关于营养相关因素与疾病及痴呆之间关系的观点。痴呆是一种多因素病理状况，营养是可能在其发病和进展中起作用的一个因素。营养素的最佳摄入量并不能保护人们免受痴呆症的侵害。然而，该领域的研究表明，不良饮食习惯在老年人群体中尤为令人担忧，可能会增加患多种与年龄相关疾病的风险，包括认知功能受损障碍。研究表明，某些必需营养素的缺乏，如特定的B族复合维生素，会导致高同型半胱氨酸血症，这是动脉粥样硬化的一个众所周知的风险因素，最近还与老年认知障碍有关。维生素C、E、β-胡萝卜素等抗氧化剂的缺乏，以及高胆固醇血症、高血压和糖尿病等与营养相关的疾病，也可能在认知障碍中起一定作用。这些因素在认知障碍变得明显之前可能已经存在很长时间，因此有可能及时被检测到并得到纠正。
