Johnson D D
Rochester Institute of Technology, NY 14623-0887.
J Am Optom Assoc. 1992 May;63(5):352-60.
Experiments were carried out to answer questions relative to the use of the 24-plate edition of the Ishihara Test for Colour-Blindness as a screening instrument for detecting the presence of inherited color defective vision. Subjects and their numbers varied between some experiments. Some subjects had normal color vision and others had inherited color defectiveness as confirmed with a Nagel anomaloscope. Most of the 157 subjects who participated in the experiments were either young deaf college students or police recruits with normal hearing who did not pass the Ishihara Test during their respective visual screening processes. Some hearing faculty and staff participated as part of Experiment 2. Item analysis and statistics applied to test the significance of differences between group means were applied to derive the following results: (a) test-retest reliability for the Ishihara is high both for persons with inherited color defectiveness and normal color vision; (b) persons making fewer than five errors on the first 13 plates made common incidental (nontypical) errors not related to color defective vision; and (c) five (5) or more errors was identified with some degree of inherited color defective vision, and subsequent referral for additional color vision diagnostics is warranted. Failure to utilize the recommended "pass-fail" criterion and/or to allow clients who fail color vision screening recourse to additional testing to establish type and degree of color defective vision may unnecessarily lead to job discrimination and/or interfere in a negative manner with the career selection process.
开展了多项实验，以回答有关使用石原色盲测试24版作为筛查工具来检测遗传性色觉缺陷是否存在的问题。不同实验中的受试者及其数量有所不同。一些受试者色觉正常，另一些经纳格尔色盲检查镜确认患有遗传性色觉缺陷。参与实验的157名受试者中，大多数是年轻的失聪大学生或听力正常的警察新兵，他们在各自的视力筛查过程中未通过石原测试。一些听力教职员工作为实验2的一部分参与其中。应用项目分析和统计学方法来检验组均值差异的显著性，得出以下结果：(a) 石原测试的重测信度对于患有遗传性色觉缺陷和色觉正常的人来说都很高；(b) 在最初13个色板上犯错少于5个的人所犯的是常见的偶然（非典型）错误，与色觉缺陷无关；(c) 5个或更多错误与某种程度的遗传性色觉缺陷相关，因此有必要随后转介进行进一步的色觉诊断。未能采用推荐的“通过-未通过”标准和/或不允许色觉筛查未通过的客户寻求进一步测试以确定色觉缺陷的类型和程度，可能会不必要地导致工作歧视和/或以负面方式干扰职业选择过程。
