Pugh George, Zaidel Lynette, Lin Nora, Stranick Michael, Bagley Daniel
Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
J Esthet Restor Dent. 2005;17(1):40-5; discussion 46-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1708-8240.2005.tb00082.x.
Limited data are available to assess the safety of high levels of hydrogen peroxide in overnight tooth-whitening formulas. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of hydrogen peroxide on enamel microhardness, pulp penetration, and enamel morphology.
Colgate Platinum Professional Overnight Whitening System (Colgate Oral Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Canton, MA, USA) (10% carbamide peroxide, equivalent to 3.5% hydrogen peroxide) was compared with two prototype formulations containing either 7.0% or 12.0% hydrogen peroxide. In the pulp chamber studies, human extracted teeth were exposed to 3.5%, 7.0%, or 12.0% hydrogen peroxide for 30 minutes, 4 hours, or 7 hours. Microhardness, electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, and atomic force microscopy evaluations were made from enamel blocks cut from human extracted molars. The enamel blocks were evaluated following 14 7-hour treatments (98 h total).
At 7 hours' post-treatment, hydrogen peroxide penetrated the pulp chamber at 23.12 +/- 10.09, 24.58 +/- 6.90, and 26.39 +/- 5.43 microg for 3.5%, 7.0%, and 12.0% hydrogen peroxide, respectively. With regard to enamel morphology, pulp penetration, microhardness, and elemental composition, no statistically significant differences were observed between treatment groups following 98 hours of treatment.
Hydrogen peroxide does not adversely affect enamel morphology or microhardness. The levels recovered in pulp indicate that hydrogen peroxide is not expected to inhibit pulpal enzymes.
Overnight tray products containing levels of hydrogen peroxide of 3.5%, 7.0%, and 12.0% are not expected to adversely affect the enamel or pulpal enzymes. Additional safety studies are needed to assess the potential for tooth sensitivity and gingival irritation.
关于夜间牙齿美白配方中高浓度过氧化氢安全性的评估数据有限。本研究旨在评估过氧化氢对牙釉质显微硬度、牙髓渗透及牙釉质形态的影响。
将高露洁铂金装专业夜间美白系统（高露洁口腔制药公司，美国马萨诸塞州坎顿）（10%过氧化脲，相当于3.5%过氧化氢）与两种分别含7.0%或12.0%过氧化氢的原型配方进行比较。在牙髓腔研究中，将拔除的人牙分别暴露于3.5%、7.0%或12.0%的过氧化氢中30分钟、4小时或7小时。从拔除的人磨牙上切取牙釉质块进行显微硬度、化学分析电子能谱及原子力显微镜评估。牙釉质块在经过14次7小时处理（共98小时）后进行评估。
处理后7小时，3.5%、7.0%和12.0%过氧化氢进入牙髓腔的量分别为23.12±10.09、24.58±6.90和26.39±5.43微克。在牙釉质形态、牙髓渗透、显微硬度和元素组成方面，处理98小时后各处理组之间未观察到统计学上的显著差异。
过氧化氢不会对牙釉质形态或显微硬度产生不利影响。牙髓中检测到的过氧化氢水平表明其不太可能抑制牙髓酶。
含3.5%、7.0%和12.0%过氧化氢的夜间托盘产品预计不会对牙釉质或牙髓酶产生不利影响。需要进行更多安全性研究以评估牙齿敏感和牙龈刺激的可能性。
