Ebaugh D David, McClure Philip W, Karduna Andrew R
Rehabilitation Sciences Biomechanics Laboratory, Drexel University, 245 North 15th Street MS 502, Philadelphia, PA 19102-1192, USA.
Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2005 Aug;20(7):700-9. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2005.03.008.
Scapulothoracic muscle activity is believed to be important for normal scapulothoracic motion. In particular, the trapezius and serratus anterior muscles are believed to play an important role in the production and control of scapulothoracic motion. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different levels of muscle activity (active versus passive arm elevation) on three-dimensional scapulothoracic motion.
Twenty subjects without a history of shoulder pathology participated in this study. Three-dimensional scapulothoracic motion was determined from electromagnetic sensors attached to the scapula, thorax and humerus during active and passive arm elevation. Muscle activity was recorded from surface electrodes over the upper and lower trapezius, serratus anterior, anterior and posterior deltoid, and infraspinatus muscles. Differences in scapulothoracic motion were calculated between active and passive arm elevation conditions.
Scapular motion was observed during the trials of passive arm elevation; however, there was more upward rotation of the scapula, external rotation of the scapula, clavicular retraction, and clavicular elevation under the condition of active arm elevation. This was most pronounced for scapular upward rotation through the mid-range (90-120 degrees) of arm elevation.
The upper and lower trapezius and serratus anterior muscles have an important role in producing upward rotation of the scapula especially throughout the mid-range of arm elevation. Additionally, it appears that capsuloligamentous and passive muscle tension contribute to scapulothoracic motion during arm elevation. Assessment of the upper and lower trapezius and serratus anterior muscles and upward rotation of the scapula should be part of any shoulder examination.
肩胛胸壁肌肉活动被认为对正常的肩胛胸壁运动很重要。特别是，斜方肌和前锯肌被认为在肩胛胸壁运动的产生和控制中起重要作用。本研究的目的是确定不同水平的肌肉活动（主动与被动手臂抬高）对三维肩胛胸壁运动的影响。
20名无肩部疾病史的受试者参与了本研究。在主动和被动手臂抬高过程中，通过附着在肩胛骨、胸廓和肱骨上的电磁传感器确定三维肩胛胸壁运动。从斜方肌上、下束，前锯肌，三角肌前、后束以及冈下肌表面电极记录肌肉活动。计算主动和被动手臂抬高条件下肩胛胸壁运动的差异。
在被动手臂抬高试验中观察到肩胛骨运动；然而，在主动手臂抬高条件下，肩胛骨有更多的向上旋转、外旋、锁骨后缩和锁骨抬高。这在手臂抬高的中程（90 - 120度）时肩胛骨向上旋转最为明显。
斜方肌上、下束和前锯肌在产生肩胛骨向上旋转中起重要作用，尤其是在手臂抬高的整个中程。此外，在手臂抬高过程中，关节囊韧带和被动肌肉张力似乎也有助于肩胛胸壁运动。对斜方肌上、下束和前锯肌以及肩胛骨向上旋转的评估应成为任何肩部检查的一部分。
