Berestovskaia Iu Iu, Rusanov I I, Vasil'eva L V, Pimenov N V
Mikrobiologiia. 2005 Mar-Apr;74(2):261-70.
Methane emission from the following types of tundra soils was studied: coarse humic gleyey loamy cryo soil, peaty gley soil, and peaty gleyey midloamy cryo soil of the arctic tundra. All the soils studied were found to be potential sources of atmospheric methane. The highest values of methane emission were recorded in August at a soil temperature of 8-10 degrees C. Flooded parcels were the sources of atmospheric methane throughout the observation period. The rates of methane production and oxidation in tundra soils of various types at 5 and 15 degrees C were studied by the radioisotope method. Methane oxidation was found to occur in bog water, in the green part of peat moss, and in all the soil horizons studied. Methane formation was recorded in the horizons of peat, in clay with plant roots, and in peaty moss dust of the bogey parcels. At both temperatures, the methane oxidation rate exceeded the rate of methane formation in all the horizons of the mossy-lichen tundra and of the bumpy sinkhole complex. Methanogenesis prevailed only in a sedge-peat moss bog at 15 degrees C. Enrichment bacterial cultures oxidizing methane at 5 and 15 degrees C were obtained. Different types of methanotrophic bacteria were shown to be responsible for methane oxidation under these conditions. A representative of type I methylotrophs oxidized methane at 5 degrees C, and Methylocella tundrae, a psychroactive representative of an acidophilic methanotrophic genus Methylocella, at 15 degrees C.
北极苔原的粗腐殖质潜育壤质冰冻土、泥炭潜育土和泥炭潜育中壤质冰冻土。研究发现，所有被研究的土壤都是大气甲烷的潜在来源。甲烷排放的最高值出现在8月，土壤温度为8-10摄氏度时。在整个观测期内，被水淹没的地块都是大气甲烷的来源。采用放射性同位素法研究了不同类型苔原土壤在5摄氏度和15摄氏度时甲烷的产生和氧化速率。发现甲烷氧化发生在沼泽水中、泥炭藓的绿色部分以及所有被研究的土壤层中。在泥炭层、有植物根系的粘土以及沼泽地块的泥炭藓粉尘层中记录到了甲烷的形成。在这两个温度下，在苔藓-地衣苔原和起伏的沉洞复合体的所有土层中，甲烷氧化速率均超过甲烷形成速率。仅在15摄氏度的莎草-泥炭藓沼泽中甲烷生成占主导。获得了在5摄氏度和15摄氏度时氧化甲烷的富集细菌培养物。结果表明，在这些条件下，不同类型的甲烷氧化细菌负责甲烷的氧化。I型甲基营养菌的一个代表在5摄氏度时氧化甲烷，而嗜酸性甲烷氧化菌属Methylocella的嗜冷代表种苔原甲基球菌在15摄氏度时氧化甲烷。
