Coles C D, Platzman K A, Smith I, James M E, Falek A
Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.
Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1992 Jan-Feb;14(1):23-33. doi: 10.1016/0892-0362(92)90025-6.
Effects on fetal growth and neonatal behavior of cocaine and alcohol use in pregnancy were investigated in infants born to women in a low-income, predominantly black population. Despite the increased use of cocaine by pregnant women and the accompanying public concern, behavioral studies of exposed neonates are limited in number and scope. In most studies, confounding factors (e.g., polydrug abuse, prematurity, infant health status) have not been controlled so the actual effects of cocaine and other drug exposure are not clear. Accordingly, this study investigated effects of prenatal drug exposure although controlling experimentally for other factors known to be associated with poor outcomes in infants: prematurity, other illicit drug use, associated diseases (e.g., sexually transmitted diseases [STDs]), and duration of drug use. In addition, other factors statistically controlled were: experimenter effects, timing of assessment, and effects of duration, amount, and frequency of cocaine, alcohol, marijuana, and nicotine exposure. One hundred and seven full-term infants were assessed at 2, 14, and 28 days using the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (BNBAS) by testers blind to infant status. Growth factors (i.e., birthweight, length, head circumference) were also assessed.
对低收入、主要为黑人的孕妇所生婴儿，研究了孕期使用可卡因和酒精对胎儿生长及新生儿行为的影响。尽管孕妇使用可卡因的情况增多并引发了公众关注，但对受影响新生儿的行为研究在数量和范围上都很有限。在大多数研究中，混杂因素（如多药滥用、早产、婴儿健康状况）未得到控制，因此可卡因和其他药物暴露的实际影响尚不清楚。因此，本研究在实验中控制了其他已知与婴儿不良结局相关的因素：早产、其他非法药物使用、相关疾病（如性传播疾病[STD]）以及药物使用时长，从而研究产前药物暴露的影响。此外，在统计上进行控制的其他因素包括：实验者效应、评估时间、可卡因、酒精、大麻和尼古丁暴露的时长、剂量和频率的影响。由对婴儿情况不知情的测试人员，使用布雷泽尔顿新生儿行为评估量表（BNBAS）在婴儿2天、14天和28天时对107名足月儿进行了评估。还评估了生长因素（即出生体重、身长、头围）。
