Lawbaugh William M
Community of Celebration, 309 Fronlslin Avenue, Aliquippa, PA 15001, USA.
J Pastoral Care Counsel. 2005 Spring-Summer;59(1-2):17-27. doi: 10.1177/154230500505900103.
Before Freud, the study of death belonged strictly in the contexts of religion and philosophy, but in the 20th Century, death and dying began to enter into dialogue with the social sciences of psychology and sociology. The existentialists began to portray death differently in their literary-based philosophy, and by the end of the century four major American writers had dealt squarely with death in a theological framework. The author's own personal experiences and academic endeavors frame this evolution in theories about death and dying, beginning with a Master's thesis in college and ending with a unit of Clinical Pastoral Education in a shock trauma hospital. In this article the mystery of death is examined from three distinct points of view: literary (including existentialism, a philosophy as literature), theological and psychological, based upon the author's career as a professor of literature, as seminary student, and as a recent participant in Clinical Pastoral Education. An attempt at a synthesis of these three strands of inquiry is made at the end of this personal and academic journey.
在弗洛伊德之前，对死亡的研究严格局限于宗教和哲学范畴，但在20世纪，死亡与临终开始与心理学和社会学等社会科学展开对话。存在主义者开始在其基于文学的哲学中以不同方式描绘死亡，到本世纪末，四位美国主要作家已在神学框架内直面死亡。作者自身的个人经历和学术探索构成了关于死亡与临终理论的这一演变，始于大学时的硕士论文，终于在一家休克创伤医院的临床神职教育单元。在本文中，基于作者作为文学教授、神学院学生以及近期临床神职教育参与者的职业生涯，从文学（包括作为文学的哲学存在主义）、神学和心理学这三个不同视角审视死亡之谜。在这段个人与学术之旅的末尾，尝试对这三条探究线索进行综合。
