Hauer B, Brodhun B, Altmann D, Sagebiel D, Haas W, Loddenkemper R
Deutsches Zentralkomitee zur Bekämpfung der Tuberkulose, Lungenklinik Heckeshorn, Berlin.
Pneumologie. 2005 Apr;59(4):264-9. doi: 10.1055/s-2004-830212.
The implementation of the new law on infectious diseases in 2001 and the resulting notification of more detailed variables has led to a better knowledge about the epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) in Germany. 7,515 new cases of active tuberculosis were notified to the Robert Koch Institute in 2001, and 7,684 cases in 2002, corresponding to an incidence of 9.1 (2001) and 9.3 (2002) per 100,000 inhabitants (as per 1 October, 2003). The slight increase in new cases in 2002 is most likely due to under-notification in 2001 because of the new system, considering that the previous decline over many consecutive years is continued according to the incidence for 2003 (8.7/100,000; n = 7,184). In 2001 as well as in 2002 42 % of new TB patients were born outside Germany, and those of foreign nationality have a five-fold higher incidence on the average than German citizens. The lung remains the most affected organ (80 %). 4,230 (2001) and 4,267 (2002) were cases of open, i. e., bacteriologically confirmed, pulmonary tuberculosis potentially contagious to their immediate contacts. The resistance rates are stable in the indigenous population, while patients coming from countries with high resistance rates reflect the situation in their countries of origin. Over two thirds of TB patients in Germany are hospitalized at some point during their disease. The treatment results (78 % on the average in 2001) do not reach the WHO target of 85 %. Approximately 7 % of TB patients in Germany still die because of this infectious disease.
2001年新传染病法的实施以及由此产生的更详细变量通报，使人们对德国结核病流行病学有了更深入的了解。2001年，罗伯特·科赫研究所收到7515例活动性肺结核新病例通报，2002年为7684例，发病率分别为每10万居民9.1例（2001年）和9.3例（2002年）（截至2003年10月1日）。考虑到2003年的发病率（8.7/10万；n = 7184）延续了此前多年的下降趋势，2002年新病例略有增加很可能是由于新系统导致2001年通报不足。2001年和2002年，42%的肺结核新患者出生在德国境外，外国国籍患者的平均发病率比德国公民高五倍。肺部仍然是受影响最严重的器官（80%）。2001年有4230例、2002年有4267例为开放性肺结核病例，即经细菌学确诊的肺结核病例，可能会将疾病传染给其密切接触者。本土人口的耐药率稳定，而来自耐药率高的国家的患者反映了其原籍国的情况。德国超过三分之二的肺结核患者在患病期间的某个阶段会住院治疗。治疗结果（2001年平均为78%）未达到世界卫生组织85%的目标。德国约7%的肺结核患者仍死于这种传染病。
