Kozovits Alessandra R, Matyssek Rainer, Winkler J Barbro, Göttlein Axel, Blaschke Helmut, Grams Thorsten E E
Ecophysiology of Plants, Department of Ecology, Technische Universität München, Am Hochanger 13, D-85354 Freising, Germany.
New Phytol. 2005 Jul;167(1):181-96. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01391.x.
A 2-yr phytotron study was conducted to investigate the intra- and inter-specific competitive behaviour of juvenile beech (Fagus sylvatica) and spruce (Picea abies). Competitiveness was analysed by quantifying the resource budgets that occur along structures and within occupied space of relevance for competitive interaction. Ambient and elevated CO(2) and ozone (O(3)) regimes were applied throughout two growing seasons as stressors for provoking changes in resource budgets, growth and allocation to facilitate the competition analysis. The hypothesis tested was that the ability to sequester space at low structural cost will determine the competitive success. Spruce was a stronger competitor than beech, as displayed by its higher above-ground biomass increments in mixed culture compared with monoculture. A crucial factor in the competitive success of spruce was its ability to enlarge crown volume at low structural costs, supporting the hypothesis. Interspecific competition with spruce resulted in a size-independent readjustment of above-ground allocation in beech (reduced leaf : shoot biomass ratio). The efficient use of resources for above-ground space sequestration proved to be a parameter that quantitatively reflects competitiveness.
进行了一项为期两年的植物人工气候室研究，以调查欧洲山毛榉（Fagus sylvatica）和云杉（Picea abies）幼苗的种内和种间竞争行为。通过量化与竞争相互作用相关的结构沿线和占据空间内出现的资源预算来分析竞争力。在两个生长季节中，均采用环境和升高的二氧化碳（CO₂）及臭氧（O₃）条件作为胁迫因素，以引发资源预算、生长和分配的变化，从而便于进行竞争分析。所检验的假设是，以低结构成本占据空间的能力将决定竞争的成功。云杉是比山毛榉更强的竞争者，与单作相比，混作时其地上生物量增加更高即表明了这一点。云杉竞争成功的一个关键因素是其以低结构成本扩大树冠体积的能力，这支持了该假设。与云杉的种间竞争导致山毛榉地上分配进行了与大小无关的重新调整（叶∶茎生物量比降低）。事实证明，有效利用资源进行地上空间占据是一个定量反映竞争力的参数。
