Wechsler B
Arbeitsgruppe Nutztierethologie, Zoologisches Institut, Universität Zürich.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd. 1992;134(3):127-32.
Ethological studies in semi-natural enclosures consistently show that the species-specific behaviour of our farm animal species has hardly been changed by domestication. However, in intensive husbandry systems the evolutionary bases of behaviour are neglected. The functions of behaviour are no longer achieved by the animal's species-specific behaviour, but by technical solutions. In contrast, alternative husbandry systems provide the animal an environment that releases and structures its species-specific behaviour. A combined husbandry system for breeding sows and fattening pigs in an enriched pen is described. Although the structures of the pen and the space available differ much from a semi-natural environment, the pigs show their normal species-specific behaviour. This is because the behavioural mechanisms do not respond differently to natural and artificial stimuli in their environment.
在半自然环境中的行为学研究一致表明，我们养殖的家畜物种的特定物种行为几乎没有因驯化而改变。然而，在集约化养殖系统中，行为的进化基础被忽视了。行为的功能不再通过动物的特定物种行为来实现，而是通过技术手段来实现。相比之下，替代养殖系统为动物提供了一个能释放并构建其特定物种行为的环境。本文描述了一种在丰富化猪舍中饲养繁殖母猪和育肥猪的组合养殖系统。尽管猪舍的结构和可用空间与半自然环境有很大不同，但猪仍表现出其正常的特定物种行为。这是因为行为机制对其环境中的自然和人工刺激没有不同的反应。
