Hoikkala Anneli, Klappert Kirsten, Mazzi Dominique
Department of Biological and Environmental Science, FIN-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
Curr Top Dev Biol. 2005;67:225-50. doi: 10.1016/S0070-2153(05)67007-X.
D. montana (a species of the D. virilis group) has spread over the northern hemisphere, populations from different areas showing both genetic and phenotypic divergence. The males of this species produce an elaborate courtship song, which plays a major role both in species recognition and in intraspecific mate choice. The genetic architecture and physical constraints, as well as the importance of the signal for species recognition, set boundaries within which this signal can vary. Within these limits, courtship song parameters may change, depending on the males' physical condition and on the environment they inhabit. Females are likely to affect song evolution by exerting directional selection toward higher carrier frequencies. Given this complexity, only a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach, starting with traditional field observation and combining controlled behavioral experiments, biometric measurements, and sophisticated molecular techniques, has the potential of shedding light on the past history and the evolution of this signal, and, eventually, adding to our understanding of the mechanisms, functions, and outcomes of sexual selection in acoustic communication systems.
蒙大拿果蝇（果蝇属粗壮果蝇组的一个物种）已遍布北半球，来自不同地区的种群表现出遗传和表型差异。该物种的雄性会发出精心编排的求偶歌声，这在物种识别和种内配偶选择中都起着重要作用。遗传结构和物理限制，以及该信号对物种识别的重要性，设定了该信号可以变化的范围。在这些限制范围内，求偶歌声参数可能会根据雄性的身体状况和它们所栖息的环境而变化。雌性可能通过对更高载波频率施加定向选择来影响歌声的进化。鉴于这种复杂性，只有一种全面的、多学科的方法，从传统的野外观察开始，结合受控的行为实验、生物测量和先进的分子技术，才有可能揭示这种信号的过去历史和进化，并最终增进我们对声学通信系统中性选择的机制、功能和结果的理解。
