Greenblum J
Soc Secur Bull. 1979 Aug;42(8):11-37.
This report analyzes the importance of sociodemographic factors in the effect of rehabilitation services on the employment and earnings of disabled persons after their cases were closed by State vocational rehabilitation agencies in fiscal year 1971. The analysis is based on information about personal characteristics and on 1972 employment and earnings data for all such cases in the linked records of the Social Security Administration and the Rehabilitation Services Administration. It identifies sociodemographic factors that facilitate or hamper the effects of rehabilitation as measured primarily by employment differences between clients who completed and failed to complete a program of rehabilitation services. Rehabilitation appears to provide aid, especially to groups frequently disadvantaged in the labor market because of sex, age, ethnicity, or education. Impact was greater for men--but not for women--who were married and had larger families. These results differe significantly from conclusions based on previous studies of the disabled. Earlier studies often concluded that vocational rehabilitation was less successful for women, older persons, ethnic minorities, and persons with low socioeconomic status. Because those studies lacked information on rehabilitation status or focused only on persons who had received rehabilitation services and because they did not compare those who had completed a rehabilitation program with those who had not, they were unable to examine the effects of vocational rehabilitation completely.
本报告分析了社会人口因素在康复服务对残疾人就业和收入影响方面的重要性，这些残疾人的案例于1971财政年度由州职业康复机构结案。该分析基于有关个人特征的信息以及社会保障管理局和康复服务管理局关联记录中所有此类案例的1972年就业和收入数据。它确定了社会人口因素，这些因素促进或阻碍康复效果，主要通过完成和未完成康复服务计划的客户之间的就业差异来衡量。康复似乎提供了帮助，特别是对那些由于性别、年龄、种族或教育程度而在劳动力市场上经常处于不利地位的群体。已婚且家庭规模较大的男性——而非女性——受到的影响更大。这些结果与基于先前对残疾人研究得出的结论有显著差异。早期研究通常得出结论，职业康复对女性、老年人、少数民族和社会经济地位较低的人不太成功。由于这些研究缺乏关于康复状况的信息，或者仅关注接受过康复服务的人，并且由于它们没有将完成康复计划的人与未完成的人进行比较，所以无法全面考察职业康复的效果。
