Kawai Taro, Akira Shizuo
Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
Curr Opin Immunol. 2005 Aug;17(4):338-44. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2005.02.007.
The innate immune system is an evolutionarily conserved system of defense against microbial infections. The family of Toll-like receptors is a major class of receptors that sense molecular patterns associated with a broad range of pathogens including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. Following pathogen recognition, Toll-like receptors initiate intracellular signal transduction that results in the expression of genes involved in inflammation, antiviral responses and maturation of dendritic cells. Individual Toll-like receptors activate common and unique transcription factors through different signaling pathways to drive specific biological responses against microorganisms.
先天免疫系统是一种针对微生物感染的进化上保守的防御系统。Toll样受体家族是一类主要的受体，可识别与包括细菌、病毒、真菌和原生动物在内的多种病原体相关的分子模式。在病原体识别后，Toll样受体启动细胞内信号转导，导致参与炎症、抗病毒反应和树突状细胞成熟的基因表达。单个Toll样受体通过不同的信号通路激活共同和独特的转录因子，以驱动针对微生物的特定生物学反应。
