Storz Gisela, Altuvia Shoshy, Wassarman Karen M
Cell Biology and Metabolism Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Annu Rev Biochem. 2005;74:199-217. doi: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.74.082803.133136.
The importance of small, noncoding RNAs that act as regulators of transcription, of RNA modification or stability, and of mRNA translation is becoming increasingly apparent. Here we discuss current knowledge of regulatory RNA function and review how the RNAs have been identified in a variety of organisms. Many of the regulatory RNAs act through base-pairing interactions with target RNAs. The base-pairing RNAs can be grouped into two general classes: those that are encoded on the opposite strand of their target RNAs such that they contain perfect complementarity with their targets, and those that are encoded at separate locations on the chromosome and have imperfect base-pairing potential with their targets. Other regulatory RNAs act by modifying protein activity, in some cases by mimicking the structures of other RNA or DNA molecules.
作为转录、RNA修饰或稳定性以及mRNA翻译调节因子的小非编码RNA的重要性日益明显。在此,我们讨论调节RNA功能的现有知识,并综述这些RNA在多种生物体中的鉴定方法。许多调节RNA通过与靶RNA的碱基配对相互作用发挥作用。碱基配对RNA可大致分为两类:一类编码于其靶RNA的互补链上,因此与靶标具有完美互补性;另一类在染色体上的不同位置编码,与靶标具有不完全碱基配对潜力。其他调节RNA通过修饰蛋白质活性发挥作用,在某些情况下是通过模拟其他RNA或DNA分子的结构。