Are We Studying Non-Coding RNAs Correctly? Lessons from nc886.

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs or long ncRNAs, have brought about a new paradigm in the regulation of gene expression. Sequencing technologies have detected transcripts with tremendous sensitivity and throughput and revealed that the majority of them lack protein-coding potential. Myriad articles have investigated numerous ncRNAs and many of them claim that ncRNAs play gene-regulatory roles. However, it is questionable whether all these articles draw conclusions through cautious gain- and loss-of function experiments whose design was reasonably based on an ncRNA's correct identity and features. In this review, these issues are discussed with a regulatory ncRNA, nc886, as an example case to represent cautions and guidelines when studying ncRNAs.