Pelster Bernd, Grillitsch Sandra, Schwerte Thorsten
Department of Zoology and Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Austria.
Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2005 Oct;142(2):215-20. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.05.036. Epub 2005 Jun 14.
As a general pattern innervation of the cardiovascular system appears late during development in vertebrate embryos, and cardiovascular control may be achieved by hormonal activity in early stages. However, very little is known about the onset of NO-responsiveness during development, which in adult vertebrates is known to play a key function in many physiological processes such as control of vascular tone, neurotransmission, macrophage activity, and angiogenesis. Analysis of the effect of NO on the cardiovascular system in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos and larvae revealed almost no effect on cardiac activity during chronic exposure to NO-producing chemicals, whereas vascular reactivity was observed in veins and arteries of the zebrafish in early developmental stages (5-6 days post fertilization). Chronic exposure also modified the development of the vascular system. The presence of an NO donor (sodium nitroprusside) did not change the patterning of the vascular bed, but it induced an earlier appearance of some blood vessels in the trunk region of the zebrafish larvae. The data reveal that NO plays an important role in the development of the cardiovascular system and in the ontogeny of the cardiovascular control system in fish.
一般而言，脊椎动物胚胎发育过程中，心血管系统的神经支配出现较晚，早期阶段的心血管控制可能通过激素活动来实现。然而，关于发育过程中一氧化氮（NO）反应性的起始情况，人们所知甚少，而在成年脊椎动物中，NO在许多生理过程中发挥关键作用，如血管张力控制、神经传递、巨噬细胞活性和血管生成。对斑马鱼胚胎和幼体中NO对心血管系统影响的分析表明，在长期暴露于产生NO的化学物质期间，对心脏活动几乎没有影响，而在发育早期阶段（受精后5 - 6天），斑马鱼的静脉和动脉中观察到血管反应性。长期暴露还改变了血管系统的发育。一氧化氮供体（硝普钠）的存在并未改变血管床的模式，但它促使斑马鱼幼体躯干区域的一些血管更早出现。数据表明，NO在鱼类心血管系统发育和心血管控制系统个体发育中发挥重要作用。
