Städler T, Frye M, Neiman M, Lively C M
Fachbereich Biologie, J.W. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Siesmayerstrasse 70, 60054 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Mol Ecol. 2005 Jul;14(8):2465-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02603.x.
The small aquatic snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum is an important invading species in Europe, Australia and North America. European populations are generally believed to derive from accidental introductions from New Zealand, probably dating back to the mid-19th century. We have employed mitochondrial DNA sequences to test the proposed New Zealand origin of European Potamopyrgus, and to learn more about its genealogical history. Using a 481-bp region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene, we identified 17 distinct haplotypes among 65 snails from New Zealand. In marked contrast, only two haplotypes were found across all European samples, which cover a large geographical area. Importantly, these two haplotypes are shared with snails from the North Island of New Zealand. Due to sampling limitations we cannot rule out a South Island origin for one of the haplotypes, but our results clearly demonstrate the New Zealand origin of European populations. The marked divergence among the two European haplotypes implies the successful colonization by two distinct mitochondrial lineages, which is consistent with previous data based on nuclear markers.
小型水生蜗牛新西兰泥蜗是欧洲、澳大利亚和北美的一种重要入侵物种。欧洲的种群一般被认为源自19世纪中叶可能从新西兰的意外引入。我们利用线粒体DNA序列来检验欧洲新西兰泥蜗的假定起源地，并进一步了解其谱系历史。通过使用16S核糖体RNA基因的481个碱基对区域，我们在来自新西兰的65只蜗牛中鉴定出17种不同的单倍型。与之形成鲜明对比的是，在覆盖大片地理区域的所有欧洲样本中仅发现了两种单倍型。重要的是，这两种单倍型与来自新西兰北岛的蜗牛相同。由于采样限制，我们无法排除其中一种单倍型起源于南岛的可能性，但我们的结果清楚地证明了欧洲种群起源于新西兰。两种欧洲单倍型之间的显著差异意味着两个不同的线粒体谱系成功定殖，这与之前基于核标记的数据一致。
