Rumbo M, Schiffrin E J
Cátedra de Immunologia, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2005 Jun;62(12):1288-96. doi: 10.1007/s00018-005-5033-3.
Intestinal mucosa integrates primary digestive functions with immune functions such as pathogen surveillance, antigen transport and induction of mucosal immunity and tolerance. Intestinal adaptive immunity is elicited in organized mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (O-MALT) that is composed of antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes and achieved by effector cells widely distributed in mucosa (diffuse MALT or D-MALT). Interaction between the intestinal epithelium, the O-MALT and the diffuse MALT plays a critical role in establishing an adequate immune response. In regions associated to O-MALT, lympho-epithelial cross-talks lead to acquisition of a specific epithelial phenotype that contributes to O-MALT organization and functionality. Beyond the expression of several innate immune functions, the intestinal epithelium may directly take up and present antigens due to the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and MHC-related molecules. A complex genetic program that will be outlined in the present review controls the development of immune functions of the intestinal epithelium. The effect of environmental signals on the modulation of this ontogenetic program during development and neonatal life, from bioactive components of amniotic fluid to lactation and bacterial colonization, will be discussed.
肠道黏膜将主要消化功能与免疫功能整合在一起，如病原体监测、抗原转运以及诱导黏膜免疫和耐受。肠道适应性免疫在由抗原呈递细胞和淋巴细胞组成的有组织黏膜相关淋巴组织（O-MALT）中引发，并由广泛分布于黏膜中的效应细胞（弥散性MALT或D-MALT）实现。肠道上皮、O-MALT和弥散性MALT之间的相互作用在建立适当的免疫反应中起关键作用。在与O-MALT相关的区域，淋巴细胞与上皮细胞的相互作用导致获得特定的上皮表型，这有助于O-MALT的组织形成和功能发挥。除了表达多种固有免疫功能外，由于主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）和MHC相关分子的表达，肠道上皮可能直接摄取和呈递抗原。本综述将概述的一个复杂遗传程序控制着肠道上皮免疫功能的发育。将讨论环境信号在发育和新生儿期对这一发育程序调节的影响，从羊水的生物活性成分到哺乳和细菌定植。
