Tang C S, Schmutz P, Petronis S, Textor M, Keller B, Vörös J
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (EMPA), Dübendorf, Switzerland.
Biotechnol Bioeng. 2005 Aug 5;91(3):285-95. doi: 10.1002/bit.20395.
The protein-resistant polycationic graft polymer, poly(L-lysine)-g-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLL-g-PEG), was uniformly adsorbed onto a homogenous titanium surface and subsequently subjected to a direct current (dc) voltage. Under the influence of an ascending cathodic and anodic potential, there was a steady and gradual loss of PLL-g-PEG from the conductive titanium surface while no desorption was observed on the insulating silicon oxide substrates. We have implemented this difference in the electrochemical response of PLL-g-PEG on conductive titanium and insulating silicon oxide regions as a biosensing platform for the controlled surface functionalization of the titanium areas while maintaining a protein-resistant background on the silicon oxide regions. A silicon-based substrate was micropatterned into alternating stripes of conductive titanium and insulating silicon oxide with subsequent PLL-g-PEG adsorption onto its surfaces. The surface modified substrate was then subjected to +1800 mV (referenced to the silver electrode). It was observed that the potentiostatic action removed the PLL-g-PEG from the titanium stripes without inducing any polyelectrolyte loss from the silicon oxide regions. Time-of-flight secondary ions mass spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy qualitatively confirmed the PLL-g-PEG retention on the silicon oxide stripes and its absence on the titanium region. This method, known as "Locally Addressable Electrochemical Patterning Technique" (LAEPT), offers great prospects for biomedical and biosensing applications. In an attempt to elucidate the desorption mechanism of PLL-g-PEG in the presence of an electric field on titanium surface, we have conducted electrochemical impedance spectroscopy experiments on bare titanium substrates. The results showed that electrochemical transformations occurred within the titanium oxide layer; its impedance and polarization resistance were found to decrease steadily upon both cathodic and anodic polarization resulting in the polyelectrolyte desorption from the titanium surface.
抗蛋白质的聚阳离子接枝聚合物,聚(L-赖氨酸)-g-聚(乙二醇)(PLL-g-PEG),被均匀地吸附到均匀的钛表面上,随后施加直流(dc)电压。在上升的阴极和阳极电位的影响下,PLL-g-PEG从导电钛表面稳定且逐渐损失,而在绝缘氧化硅基板上未观察到解吸现象。我们利用PLL-g-PEG在导电钛和绝缘氧化硅区域的这种电化学响应差异,构建了一个生物传感平台,用于对钛区域进行可控的表面功能化,同时在氧化硅区域保持抗蛋白质的背景。将硅基基板微图案化为导电钛和绝缘氧化硅的交替条纹,随后PLL-g-PEG吸附在其表面上。然后将表面改性的基板施加+1800 mV(相对于银电极)。观察到恒电位作用使PLL-g-PEG从钛条纹上去除,而不会导致氧化硅区域有任何聚电解质损失。飞行时间二次离子质谱和荧光显微镜定性地证实了PLL-g-PEG保留在氧化硅条纹上,而在钛区域不存在。这种方法,称为“局部可寻址电化学图案化技术”(LAEPT),在生物医学和生物传感应用中具有广阔前景。为了阐明在钛表面存在电场的情况下PLL-g-PEG的解吸机制,我们在裸露的钛基板上进行了电化学阻抗谱实验。结果表明,在氧化钛层内发生了电化学转变;发现其阻抗和极化电阻在阴极和阳极极化时均稳定下降,导致聚电解质从钛表面解吸。
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