Taiwo J O, Jeboda S O, Motayo T O, Obiechina A E
Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan.
Afr J Med Med Sci. 2004 Dec;33(4):285-91.
Health problems involving physical and mental conditions directly or indirectly affect the oral health of the elderly. Other ways in which physical and mental health conditions influence their health result from the various drug prescriptions given for these ailments. Periodontal health is the most affected. Various studies have demonstrated that the elderly have the highest rate of gingival bleeding, calculus deposits and periodontal pocketing. It is the aim of this study to determine the health of the supporting tissues of the teeth using periodontal indices such as the C.PI.T.N and mobility index. The study was carried out on 690 elderly individuals (403 males and 287 females) who were 65 years and above living in various wards in the South East Local Government Area of Ibadan (S.E.L.G.A). A multistage sampling technique was used to select elderly individuals for the study. Two interviewers, 2 record clerks and 2 examiners were trained and the examiners were calibrated. The elderly individuals were interviewed and examined concurrently. The results highlighted the high prevalence of periodontal disease in the elderly in this local government area. Only 5.2% were free from periodontal disease. 94.8% had one or another stage of periodontal disease. It also demonstrated the poor oral cleanliness among these elderly. More than 42% had gross accumulation of calculus. Among the elderly in this local government area, 21.6% and 28.8% had shallow and deep pockets, respectively whilst 39.3% had one or more mobile teeth. Pockets and excessive mobility of the teeth represent advance stages of periodontitis. Majority (70.4%) of the elderly in the study claimed they use chewing sticks to maintain oral hygiene. The pattern of deposit of calculus along the interdental surfaces, mesio and distobuccal surfaces as well as lingual surfaces, question the effectiveness of the chewing stick in cleaning these surfaces. This study confirms findings of other authors, on oral hygiene in Nigeria. There is an urgent need to establish a community based outreach programme to prevent and treat periodontal disease among the elderly in this local government area.
涉及身体和精神状况的健康问题直接或间接地影响老年人的口腔健康。身心健康状况影响他们健康的其他方式源于针对这些疾病开出的各种药物处方。牙周健康受影响最大。各种研究表明，老年人牙龈出血、牙结石沉积和牙周袋形成的发生率最高。本研究的目的是使用诸如社区牙周指数（C.PI.T.N）和松动指数等牙周指数来确定牙齿支持组织的健康状况。该研究针对居住在伊巴丹东南地方政府辖区（S.E.L.G.A）各个病房的690名65岁及以上的老年人（403名男性和287名女性）进行。采用多阶段抽样技术选择老年人参与研究。两名访谈员、两名记录员和两名检查人员接受了培训，并且对检查人员进行了校准。同时对老年人进行访谈和检查。结果突出显示了该地方政府辖区老年人牙周疾病的高患病率。只有5.2%的人没有牙周疾病。94.8%的人患有一个或另一个阶段的牙周疾病。这也表明这些老年人的口腔清洁状况较差。超过42%的人牙结石大量堆积。在该地方政府辖区的老年人中，分别有21.6%和28.8%的人有浅袋和深袋，而39.3%的人有一颗或多颗牙齿松动。牙周袋和牙齿过度松动代表牙周炎的晚期阶段。研究中的大多数老年人（70.4%）声称他们使用咀嚼棒来保持口腔卫生。牙结石沿牙间隙表面、近中和远中颊面以及舌面的沉积模式，质疑了咀嚼棒清洁这些表面的有效性。本研究证实了其他作者关于尼日利亚口腔卫生的研究结果。迫切需要在该地方政府辖区建立一个基于社区的外展项目，以预防和治疗老年人的牙周疾病。
