Desnitskiĭ A G
Ontogenez. 2005 May-Jun;36(3):182-9.
The data published during recent 15-20 years on comparative, experimental and molecular embryology of unusually developing sea urchins have been reviewed. These animals are characterized by large lipidrich eggs, highly modified embryogenesis, and the absence of a planktotrophic larva. Such a type of development is evolutionary advanced and arose independently in various phylogenetic lineages of the sea urchins.
对最近15 - 20年发表的关于异常发育的海胆的比较、实验和分子胚胎学的数据进行了综述。这些动物的特点是卵大且富含脂质、胚胎发生高度特化，并且没有浮游幼体。这种发育类型在进化上是先进的，并且在海胆的各种系统发育谱系中独立出现。
