Oyegbile Temitayo O, Marler Catherine A
Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, 1202 West Johnson Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Horm Behav. 2005 Sep;48(3):259-67. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2005.04.007.
The 'winner effect' has been studied in a variety of species, but only rarely in mammals. We compared effects of winning three, two, one, or zero resident-intruder encounters on the likelihood of winning a subsequent aggressive encounter in the California mouse (Peromyscus californicus). During the training phase, we ensured that resident males won all encounters by staging contests with mildly sedated, smaller intruders. During the test phase, the resident male encountered an unfamiliar, more evenly matched intruder that had experience winning an encounter and was larger than the resident. Testosterone (T) plasma levels significantly increased after the final test when they had experienced two prior winning encounters, and the probability of winning a future encounter increased significantly after three prior wins independent of intrinsic fighting ability. We hypothesize a 'winner-challenge' effect in which increased T levels serve to reinforce the winner effect in male California mice.
“胜者效应”已在多种物种中得到研究，但在哺乳动物中却很少见。我们比较了在加州小鼠（加州林鼠）中，赢得三次、两次、一次或零次领地-入侵者遭遇战对赢得后续攻击性遭遇战可能性的影响。在训练阶段，我们通过与轻度镇静的、体型较小的入侵者进行比赛，确保领地雄性小鼠赢得所有遭遇战。在测试阶段，领地雄性小鼠遇到一只不熟悉的、实力更相当的入侵者，该入侵者有过赢得遭遇战的经历且比领地雄性小鼠体型更大。当它们经历了两次先前的胜利遭遇战后，最终测试后血浆睾酮（T）水平显著升高，并且在三次先前获胜后，无论其内在战斗能力如何，赢得未来遭遇战的概率都显著增加。我们推测存在一种“胜者-挑战”效应，即升高的T水平有助于增强雄性加州小鼠的胜者效应。
