Hannum Emily
Department of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, 3718 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6299, USA.
Demography. 2005 May;42(2):275-99. doi: 10.1353/dem.2005.0014.
Two theoretical perspectives have dominated debates about the impact of development on gender stratification: modernization theory, which argues that gender inequalities decline with economic growth, and the "women in development" perspective, which argues that development may initially widen gender gaps. Analyzing cross-sectional surveys and time-series data from China, this article indicates the relevance of both perspectives: while girls' educational opportunities were clearly more responsive than boys' to better household economic circumstances, the era of market transition in the late 1970s and early 1980s failed to accelerate and, in fact, may have temporarily slowed progress toward gender equity.
关于发展对性别分层的影响，有两种理论观点主导了相关辩论：现代化理论，该理论认为性别不平等会随着经济增长而减少；以及“妇女参与发展”观点，该观点认为发展最初可能会扩大性别差距。通过分析来自中国的横断面调查和时间序列数据，本文表明这两种观点都有相关性：虽然女孩的教育机会比男孩对家庭经济状况改善的反应更明显，但20世纪70年代末和80年代初的市场转型时期未能加速，事实上，可能暂时减缓了性别平等的进程。
