Alpha-Bazin Béatrice, Lorphelin Alain, Nozerand Nathalie, Charier Gaëlle, Marchetti Charles, Bérenguer Frédéric, Couprie Joël, Gilquin Bernard, Zinn-Justin Sophie, Quéméneur Eric
Service de Biochimie Post-Génomique et Toxicologie Nucléaire, Direction des Sciences du Vivant (DSV)--Département d'Ingénierie et d'Etudes des Protéines (DIEP), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA-VALRHO), Bagnols-sur-Céze, France.
Protein Sci. 2005 Jul;14(7):1827-39. doi: 10.1110/ps.041305205.
Eukaryotic cells have evolved DNA damage checkpoints in response to genome damage. They delay the cell cycle and activate repair mechanisms. The kinases at the heart of these pathways and the accessory proteins, which localize to DNA lesions and regulate kinase activation, are conserved from yeast to mammals. For Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad9, a key adaptor protein in DNA damage checkpoint pathways, no clear human ortholog has yet been described in mammals. Rad9, however, shares localized homology with both human BRCA1 and 53BP1 since they all contain tandem C-terminal BRCT (BRCA1 C-terminal) motifs. 53BP1 is also a key mediator in DNA damage signaling required for cell cycle arrest, which has just been reported to possess a tandem Tudor repeat upstream of the BRCT motifs. Here we show that the major globular domain upstream of yeast Rad9 BRCT domains is structurally extremely similar to the Tudor domains recently resolved for 53BP1 and SMN. By expressing several fragments encompassing the Tudor-related motif and characterizing them using various physical methods, we isolated the independently folded unit for yeast Rad9. As in 53BP1, the domain corresponds to the SMN Tudor motif plus the contiguous HCA predicted structure region at the C terminus. These domains may help to further elucidate the structural and functional features of these two proteins and improve knowledge of the proteins involved in DNA damage.
真核细胞已经进化出DNA损伤检查点以应对基因组损伤。它们会延迟细胞周期并激活修复机制。这些通路核心的激酶以及定位于DNA损伤处并调节激酶激活的辅助蛋白,从酵母到哺乳动物都是保守的。对于酿酒酵母中的Rad9,它是DNA损伤检查点通路中的关键衔接蛋白,在哺乳动物中尚未发现明确的人类同源物。然而,Rad9与人类BRCA1和53BP1都具有局部同源性,因为它们都含有串联的C端BRCT(BRCA1 C端)基序。53BP1也是细胞周期停滞所需的DNA损伤信号传导中的关键介质,最近报道它在BRCT基序上游具有串联的Tudor重复序列。在这里,我们表明酵母Rad9 BRCT结构域上游的主要球状结构域在结构上与最近解析出的53BP1和SMN的Tudor结构域极其相似。通过表达包含Tudor相关基序的几个片段并使用各种物理方法对其进行表征,我们分离出了酵母Rad9的独立折叠单元。与53BP1一样,该结构域对应于SMN Tudor基序加上C端连续的HCA预测结构区域。这些结构域可能有助于进一步阐明这两种蛋白质的结构和功能特征,并增进对参与DNA损伤的蛋白质的了解。