MacDonald L D, Peacock J L, Anderson H R
Department of Public Health Sciences, St George's Hospital Medical School, London.
J Public Health Med. 1992 Mar;14(1):26-34.
We examined the association of marital status with economic, social and psychological factors and with the outcomes of pregnancy (defined as onset of labour, type of delivery, live and still births and birthweight). The study population was 1431 white women consecutively booking for antenatal care. Birth registrations were inspected. Of 278 women who were unmarried during pregnancy, 61 per cent were cohabiting, 26 per cent were living with adults other than the father and 13 per cent were living alone. Compared with the married women, unmarried women overall were, on average, younger, less educated, of lower social class, in poorer economic circumstances, more dependent on state support and less satisfied with their living arrangements. Irrespective of age and social class, they were less likely to have planned the pregnancy, more likely to smoke and drink, to book later for antenatal care and to miss more appointments. In general, unmarried women were more likely to have some indication of depression and to experience more serious life events during the pregnancy. Controlling for age and social class, the categories 'married', 'cohabiting' and 'on their own' showed significant trends from best to worst. Those living with adults other than the father showed intermediate results. There were no significant effects of marital status, controlled for age and social class, and associated social, economic and psychological circumstances on outcomes of pregnancy. Forty-one per cent of births to women on their own, 35 per cent to women living with other adults and 11 per cent to women cohabiting during pregnancy were registered by only one parent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
我们研究了婚姻状况与经济、社会和心理因素以及妊娠结局(定义为分娩开始、分娩类型、活产和死产以及出生体重)之间的关联。研究人群为1431名连续预约产前护理的白人女性。检查了出生登记情况。在孕期未婚的278名女性中,61%处于同居状态,26%与父亲以外的成年人生活在一起,13%独自生活。与已婚女性相比,总体而言,未婚女性平均年龄更小、受教育程度更低、社会阶层更低、经济状况更差、更依赖国家支持且对生活安排的满意度更低。无论年龄和社会阶层如何,她们计划妊娠的可能性更小,吸烟和饮酒的可能性更大,预约产前护理更晚且错过更多预约。一般来说,未婚女性更有可能有抑郁迹象,且在孕期经历更严重的生活事件。在控制年龄和社会阶层后,“已婚”“同居”和“独自生活”这几类情况呈现出从最好到最差的显著趋势。与父亲以外的成年人生活在一起的女性结果处于中间水平。在控制年龄、社会阶层以及相关的社会、经济和心理状况后,婚姻状况对妊娠结局没有显著影响。孕期独自生活的女性所生孩子中41%、与其他成年人生活在一起的女性所生孩子中35%以及孕期同居的女性所生孩子中11%仅由一方家长登记。(摘要截选至250词)